viskoa
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viskoidak, equivalent to viskata (“to throw, toss”) + -oa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]viskoa
- continuative of viskata (“to toss or throw”)
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of viskoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viskon | en visko | 1st sing. | olen viskonut | en ole viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viskot | et visko | 2nd sing. | olet viskonut | et ole viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viskoo | ei visko | 3rd sing. | on viskonut | ei ole viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viskomme | emme visko | 1st plur. | olemme viskoneet | emme ole viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viskotte | ette visko | 2nd plur. | olette viskoneet | ette ole viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viskovat | eivät visko | 3rd plur. | ovat viskoneet | eivät ole viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viskotaan | ei viskota | passive | on viskottu | ei ole viskottu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viskoin | en viskonut | 1st sing. | olin viskonut | en ollut viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viskoit | et viskonut | 2nd sing. | olit viskonut | et ollut viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viskoi | ei viskonut | 3rd sing. | oli viskonut | ei ollut viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viskoimme | emme viskoneet | 1st plur. | olimme viskoneet | emme olleet viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viskoitte | ette viskoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte viskoneet | ette olleet viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viskoivat | eivät viskoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat viskoneet | eivät olleet viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viskottiin | ei viskottu | passive | oli viskottu | ei ollut viskottu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viskoisin | en viskoisi | 1st sing. | olisin viskonut | en olisi viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viskoisit | et viskoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit viskonut | et olisi viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viskoisi | ei viskoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi viskonut | ei olisi viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viskoisimme | emme viskoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme viskoneet | emme olisi viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viskoisitte | ette viskoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte viskoneet | ette olisi viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viskoisivat | eivät viskoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat viskoneet | eivät olisi viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viskottaisiin | ei viskottaisi | passive | olisi viskottu | ei olisi viskottu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | visko | älä visko | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viskokoon | älköön viskoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon viskonut | älköön olko viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viskokaamme | älkäämme viskoko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viskokaa | älkää viskoko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viskokoot | älkööt viskoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot viskoneet | älkööt olko viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viskottakoon | älköön viskottako | passive | olkoon viskottu | älköön olko viskottu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viskonen | en viskone | 1st sing. | lienen viskonut | en liene viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viskonet | et viskone | 2nd sing. | lienet viskonut | et liene viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viskonee | ei viskone | 3rd sing. | lienee viskonut | ei liene viskonut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viskonemme | emme viskone | 1st plur. | lienemme viskoneet | emme liene viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viskonette | ette viskone | 2nd plur. | lienette viskoneet | ette liene viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viskonevat | eivät viskone | 3rd plur. | lienevät viskoneet | eivät liene viskoneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viskottaneen | ei viskottane | passive | lienee viskottu | ei liene viskottu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | viskoa | present | viskova | viskottava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | viskonut | viskottu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | viskoessa | viskottaessa | agent4 | viskoma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | viskomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | viskoen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | viskomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | viskomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | viskomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | viskomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | viskomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | viskoman | viskottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | viskominen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “viskoa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *viskoidak, equivalent to visata (“to throw”) + -oa. Cognates include Finnish viskoa and Votic viskoa.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋiskoɑ/, [ˈʋis̠ko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋiskojɑ/, [ˈʋiʃko̞jɑ]
- Rhymes: -iskoː, -iskojɑ
- Hyphenation: vis‧ko‧a
Verb
[edit]viskoa
- (transitive) to throw
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 10:
- Noistii joka päivä viskoima[a] lavvan päälle muruja, kovasija ja jyvijä.
- They began to throw crumbs, crusts and grain onto the board every day.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of viskoa (type 1/ampua, k- gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | vison | en viso | 1st singular | oon viskont, oon viskonut | en oo viskont, en oo viskonut |
2nd singular | visot | et viso | 2nd singular | oot viskont, oot viskonut | et oo viskont, et oo viskonut |
3rd singular | viskoo | ei viso | 3rd singular | ono viskont, ono viskonut | ei oo viskont, ei oo viskonut |
1st plural | visomma | emmä viso | 1st plural | oomma viskoneet | emmä oo viskoneet |
2nd plural | visotta | että viso | 2nd plural | ootta viskoneet | että oo viskoneet |
3rd plural | viskoot1), viskovat2), visotaa | evät viso, ei visota | 3rd plural | ovat viskoneet | evät oo viskoneet, ei oo visottu |
impersonal | visotaa | ei visota | impersonal | ono visottu | ei oo visottu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | visoin | en viskont, en viskonut | 1st singular | olin viskont, olin viskonut | en olt viskont, en olt viskonut |
2nd singular | visoit | et viskont, et viskonut | 2nd singular | olit viskont, olit viskonut | et olt viskont, et olt viskonut |
3rd singular | viskoi | ei viskont, ei viskonut | 3rd singular | oli viskont, oli viskonut | ei olt viskont, ei olt viskonut |
1st plural | visoimma | emmä viskoneet | 1st plural | olimma viskoneet | emmä olleet viskoneet |
2nd plural | visoitta | että viskoneet | 2nd plural | olitta viskoneet | että olleet viskoneet |
3rd plural | viskoit1), viskoivat2), visottii | evät viskoneet, ei visottu | 3rd plural | olivat viskoneet | evät olleet viskoneet, ei olt visottu |
impersonal | visottii | ei visottu | impersonal | oli visottu | ei olt visottu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viskoisin | en viskois | 1st singular | olisin viskont, olisin viskonut | en olis viskont, en olis viskonut |
2nd singular | viskoisit, viskoist1) | et viskois | 2nd singular | olisit viskont, olisit viskonut | et olis viskont, et olis viskonut |
3rd singular | viskois | ei viskois | 3rd singular | olis viskont, olis viskonut | ei olis viskont, ei olis viskonut |
1st plural | viskoisimma | emmä viskois | 1st plural | olisimma viskoneet | emmä olis viskoneet |
2nd plural | viskoisitta | että viskois | 2nd plural | olisitta viskoneet | että olis viskoneet |
3rd plural | viskoisiit1), viskoisivat2), visottais | evät viskois, ei visottais | 3rd plural | olisivat viskoneet | evät olis viskoneet, ei olis visottu |
impersonal | visottais | ei visottais | impersonal | olis visottu | ei olis visottu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | viso | elä viso | 2nd singular | oo viskont, oo viskonut | elä oo viskont, elä oo viskonut |
3rd singular | viskokoo | elköö viskoko | 3rd singular | olkoo viskont, olkoo viskonut | elköö olko viskont, elköö olko viskonut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | viskokaa | elkää viskoko | 2nd plural | olkaa viskoneet | elkää olko viskoneet |
3rd plural | viskokoot | elkööt viskoko, elköö visottako | 3rd plural | olkoot viskoneet | elkööt olko viskoneet, elköö olko visottu |
impersonal | visottakkoo | elköö visottako | impersonal | olkoo visottu | elköö olko visottu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | viskonen | en viskone | |||
2nd singular | viskonet | et viskone | |||
3rd singular | viskonoo | ei viskone | |||
1st plural | viskonemma | emmä viskone | |||
2nd plural | viskonetta | että viskone | |||
3rd plural | viskonoot | evät viskone, ei visottane | |||
impersonal | visottannoo | ei visottane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | viskoa | present | viskova | visottava | |
2nd | inessive | viskojees | past | viskont, viskonut | visottu |
instructive | viskoen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (viskokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | viskomaa | |||
inessive | viskomaas | ||||
elative | viskomast | ||||
abessive | viskomata | ||||
4th | nominative | viskomiin | |||
partitive | viskomista, viskomist |
References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 670
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognates include Finnish viskoa.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]viskoa
- (transitive) to throw, toss, fling, cast
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of viskoa (type II-1/kuttsua, sk-zg gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | vizgon | en vizgo | 1st singular | õõn viskonnu | en õõ viskonnu |
2nd singular | vizgod | ed vizgo | 2nd singular | õõd viskonnu | ed õõ viskonnu |
3rd singular | vizgob | eb vizgo | 3rd singular | on viskonnu | eb õõ viskonnu |
1st plural | vizgommõ | emmä vizgo | 1st plural | õõmmõ viskonnu | emmä õõ viskonnu |
2nd plural | vizgottõ | että vizgo | 2nd plural | õõttõ viskonnu | että õõ viskonnu |
3rd plural | vizgota | eväd vizgo | 3rd plural | õlla vizgottu | eväd õõ vizgottu |
impersonal | vizgota | eväd vizgo | impersonal | õlla vizgottu | eväd õõ vizgottu |
Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viskozin | en viskonnu | 1st singular | õlin viskonnu | — |
2nd singular | viskozid | ed viskonnu | 2nd singular | õlid viskonnu | — |
3rd singular | visko | eb viskonnu | 3rd singular | õli viskonnu | — |
1st plural | viskozimmõ | emmä viskonnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ viskonnu | — |
2nd plural | viskozittõ | että viskonnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ viskonnu | — |
3rd plural | vizgotti | eväd vizgottu | 3rd plural | õlti vizgottu | — |
impersonal | vizgotti | eväd vizgottu | impersonal | õlti vizgottu | — |
Conditional | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viskoizin | en viskoizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin viskonnu | en õllõizʹ viskonnu |
2nd singular | viskoizid | ed viskoizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid viskonnu | ed õllõizʹ viskonnu |
3rd singular | viskoizʹ | eb viskoizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ viskonnu | eb õllõizʹ viskonnu |
1st plural | viskoizimmõ | emmä viskoizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ viskonnu | emmä õllõizʹ viskonnu |
2nd plural | viskoizittõ | että viskoizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ viskonnu | että õllõizʹ viskonnu |
3rd plural | vizgottaizʹ | eväd vizgottaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ vizgottu | eväd õltaizʹ vizgottu |
impersonal | vizgottaizʹ | eväd vizgottaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ vizgottu | eväd õltaizʹ vizgottu |
Imperative | |||||
Present | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | — | — | |||
2nd singular | vizgo | elä vizgo | |||
3rd singular | viskogo1) | elko viskogo1) | |||
1st plural | — | — | |||
2nd plural | viskoga | elka viskoga | |||
3rd plural | viskogod1) | — | |||
impersonal | — | — | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitives | Participles | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | viskoa | present | viskojõ2) | — | |
2nd | illative | viskoma | past | viskonnu | vizgottu |
inessive | viskomõz | 1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun | |||
elative | viskomõssõ | ||||
abessive | viskomõttõ |
References
[edit]- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “viskoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms suffixed with -oa
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/iskoɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/iskoɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish continuative verbs
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms suffixed with -oa
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iskoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iskoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iskojɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iskojɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian transitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/iskoɑ̯
- Rhymes:Votic/iskoɑ̯/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic verbs
- Votic transitive verbs
- Votic kuttsua-type verbs