truncus

English

A mathematical graph of the basic truncus formula, marked in blue, with domain and range both restricted to [5, 5].

Etymology

From Latin truncus. Doublet of tronk and trunk.

Pronunciation

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

truncus (plural trunci)

1. (biology) The thorax of an insect.
2. (medicine) The trunk (torso) of the human body or other animal body.
3. (medicine) An arterial trunk, such as the truncus arteriosus.
4. (geometry) A curve in the Cartesian plane consisting of all points (x,y) satisfying an equation of the form $f(x)={a \over (x+b)^{2}}+c$ where a, b, and c are given constants.

Derived terms

• conotruncus

Related terms

• persistent truncus arteriosus

 

Anagrams

• uncurst

Latin

Etymology

Unknown origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to cut”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and Latin trux and Proto-Slavic *strǫkъ.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈtrun.kus/, [ˈt̪rʊŋkʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtrun.kus/, [ˈt̪ruŋkus]

Adjective

truncus (feminine trunca, neuter truncum); first/second-declension adjective

1. lopped, docked
2. maimed, mangled, mutilated

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	truncus	trunca	truncum		truncī	truncae	trunca
genitive	truncī	truncae	truncī		truncōrum	truncārum	truncōrum
dative	truncō	truncae	truncō		truncīs
accusative	truncum	truncam	truncum		truncōs	truncās	trunca
ablative	truncō	truncā	truncō		truncīs
vocative	trunce	trunca	truncum		truncī	truncae	trunca

Descendants

• Italian: tronco
• Spanish: trunco

Noun

truncus m (genitive truncī); second declension

1. tree trunk
2. a piece cut off
3. (figuratively, derogatory) blockhead, dunce, dolt

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:homo stultus

4. (New Latin, biology) the thorax of an insect
5. (New Latin, medicine) trunk, torso
6. (New Latin, medicine) an arterial trunk, such as the truncus arteriosus

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	truncus	truncī
genitive	truncī	truncōrum
dative	truncō	truncīs
accusative	truncum	truncōs
ablative	truncō	truncīs
vocative	trunce	truncī

Synonyms

• (tree trunk): capitō (Mediaeval)

Derived terms

• *trunca
  • French: tronche
• *trunceus
  • Old French: trons
    • French: tronçon
• truncō (and its descendants)
• trunculus (and its descendants)
  • Romanian: trunchi

Descendants

• Catalan: tronc
• Friulian: tronc
• Galician: tronco
• Italian: tronco
• Old French: tronc
  • French: tronc
  • → Middle Dutch: tronc
    • Dutch: tronk
  • → Middle English: tronke, trunke
    • English: trunk
    • Scots: trunk
• Portuguese: tronco
  • → Dutch: tronk
    • Afrikaans: tronk
      • → English: tronk
      • → Kwanyama: ondolonggo
  • → Gujarati: તુરંગ (turaṅg)
  • → Kannada: ತುರಂಗ (turaṅga)
  • → Malayalam: തുറുങ്ക് (tuṟuṅkŭ)
  • → Marathi: तुरुंग (turuṅga)
• Sicilian: truncu
• Spanish: tronco
• → Albanian: trung
• → English: truncus
• → Esperanto: trunko

References

• “truncus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “truncus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• truncus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• truncus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.