tahan

See also: tahán, taħan, and tähän

English

Etymology

From Malay tahan.

Pronunciation

• (Singapore) IPA^(key): /ˈta.han/, [ˈta˧.han˦]

Verb

tahan (invariable)

1. (colloquial, Malaysia, Singapore) To endure; to bear.
   • 2017, Wong Kim Hoh, It Changed My Life: What Tan Swie Hian wants - a free mind, The Sunday Times:

     "Many local artists cannot tahan me," he says, using the Malay word for "tolerate". "If you live next to Picasso, can you tahan or not?"

   • 2017, Zhangxin Zheng, Here’s why you shouldn’t be alarmed by pictures of “flooding” in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Mothership.sg

     The 3.2km meandering naturalised river at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park used to be a 2.7 km long straight concrete Kallang channel in the past, which would not otherwise have been able to tahan as much rainwater as it now does.

   • 2017, 8 Things Malaysians Immediately Do When They Get a New Car... Which One Have You Done?, CILISOS (Current Issues Tambah Pedas)

     If you’re buying a new car, especially a better one than your previous, it’s gonna be able to tahan your need for speed. Step on the pedal only la, why so kancheong?

Derived terms

• buay tahan

Anagrams

• tanha, tanah, athan, Atnah, thana, Anath, Thana, Athan, Ahtna

Estonian

Verb

tahan

1. first-person singular present indicative of tahtma

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay tahan, from Proto-Malayic *tahan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈt̪a.han]
• Rhymes: -ahan
• Syllabification: ta‧han

Verb

tahan (active menahan, passive ditahan)

1. to endure, tolerate
2. to hold (to grasp or grip)
3. to hold, have, keep or save
4. to hold, detain
5. to hold, restrain
6. to hold back (to contain)

Adjective

tahan

1. durable, strong, tolerate
2. resistant
3. Synonym of cukup (“enough, sufficient”)

Derived terms

verbs

• bertahan (“to stay; to last; to persist; to defend”)
• bertahan-tahan
• pertahankan (“to maintain, preserve; to defend”)
• tahani
• tahankan
• tertahan (“stuck; restrained; detained”)
• tertahan-tahan
• tertahankan

 

nouns

• kebertahanan (“staidness; lastingness; persistence; defence”)
• ketahanan (“endurance; resilience”)
• pemertahanan
• penahan (“holder”)
• penahanan (“holding; detention”)
• pertahanan (“defense; fortress”)
• tahanan (“detainee, prisoner; obstacle”)

 

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*taqan”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• “tahan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.han/, [ˈt̪ähän]
• Hyphenation: ta‧han
• Rhymes: -ahan

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *tahan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan.

Verb

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)

1. to endure, to bear, to withstand, to resist

   tahan lapar ― to endure hunger

   tahan sakit ― to endure the pain

2. to be lasting, to be persisting (in)
3. to be sufficient (for a certain period)
4. (of an object) to be firm, to be strong
5. (of a disease) to improve, to be on the mend

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• bertahan (“to be holding fast to”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• dipertahankan (“to be persisted”) [causative passive + patient focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + di- + -kan)
• pertahan (“to be held back”) [causative passive] (peR-)
• pertahani (“to be controlled”) [causative passive + causative (locative) benefactive] (peR- + -i)
• pertahankan (“to be endured”) [causative passive + causative benefactive] (peR- + -kan)
• ketahanan (“defensiveness; durability”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• memertahankan (“to maintain; to preserve”) [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + meN- + -kan)
• menahan (“to block; to hold back”) [agent focus] (meN-)
• menahani (“to block; to control”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• menahankan (“to make something durable”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• penahan (“defender”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• penahanan (“defending; controlling”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• pertahan (“defence”) [causative passive] (peR-)
• tahanan (“hindrance; obstacle”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• tahankan (“to cause something or someone to block”) [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• tertahan (“to be able to block”) [agentless action] (teR-)
• tertahani (“to be controllable”) [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
• tertahan-tahan (“(already be) off and on; disjointed(ly)”) [reduplication + agentless action] (redup + teR-)

Descendants

• Indonesian: tahan
• → Cantonese: 打限 (daa² haan⁶)
• → English: tahan
• → Min Nan: 打限 (tá-hān)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqan, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap, to set a snare”).

Verb

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)

1. to cast a net (to catch fish), to set a trap (to catch animal, fish, etc.)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• tertahan (“(already be) cast a net”) [agentless action] (teR-)

Etymology 3

Noun

tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن, plural tahan-tahan, informal 1st possessive tahanku, 2nd possessive tahanmu, 3rd possessive tahannya)

1. (navigation) a rope installed from the top of a mast to the rear of a boat

Further reading

• “tahan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Possibly borrowed from Malay tahan (“holding out against; resistance; restraint; to sustain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”). Possible doublet of taan.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈt̪aː.hɐn̪], /taˈhan/ [t̪ɐˈhan̪] (noun, interjection)
    • Rhymes: -ahan, -an
  • IPA^(key): /taˈhan/ [t̪ɐˈhan̪] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ta‧han

Noun

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. stopping from crying
2. (loosely) stopping; ceasing (of rain, running, etc.)

   Synonyms: hinto, tigil, humpay, tugot, likat, paghinto, pagtigil, paghumpay, pagtugot, paglikat

3. temporary suspension (of work)

   Synonyms: pagkatigil, pagkapatigil, pagkahinto, pagkapahinto

Derived terms

• itahan
• magpatahan
• magtahan
• makapagpatahan
• pagtahan
• patahanin
• tumahan

 

Interjection

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. said to someone crying to stop crying: stop crying!

Adjective

tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. no longer crying (especially of a baby or child)
2. not moving; resting; at rest

   Synonyms: tigil, nakatigil, hinto, nakahinto

3. not working; resting

   Synonyms: namamahinga, nagpapahinga

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahan (“abode, place of residence”), from a metathesis of Proto-Austronesian *taNaS (“village; place of residence”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈt̪aː.hɐn̪], /taˈhan/ [t̪ɐˈhan̪]
• Rhymes: -ahan, -an
• Syllabification: ta‧han

Noun

tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

1. residing; living (in a house, etc.)

   Synonyms: tira, pagtira, paninirahan

2. temporary stay or sojourn

   Synonyms: tuloy, pagtuloy, panunulayan

3. staying of water in a low place (as after rain)

   Synonym: pamamahay

Derived terms

• haligi ng tahanan
• ilaw ng tahanan
• itahan
• magpatahan
• makapagpatahan
• manahan
• matatahanan
• pagtahan
• pagtahan
• panahanan
• pananahanan
• pantahanan
• patahanan
• patahanin
• patahanin
• tahanan
• tumahan

 

Further reading

• “tahan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tetum

Noun

tahan

1. flap
2. leaf
3. page