sugár
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]súg (“to whisper”) + -ár (noun-forming suffix). The verb súg is in origin an onomatopoeia corresponding to English rustle, so the original meaning of sugár may have been a rustling object. The several other current meanings are the result of a name transfer process. The geometry sense of radius was patterned after Latin, compare radius (“ray; staff, rod; spoke of a wheel”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sugár (plural sugarak)
- (of light or radiation) ray, beam
- (of liquid) jet, spurt, stream
- (geometry) radius (a line segment between any point of a circle or sphere and its center)
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sugár | sugarak |
| accusative | sugarat | sugarakat |
| dative | sugárnak | sugaraknak |
| instrumental | sugárral | sugarakkal |
| causal-final | sugárért | sugarakért |
| translative | sugárrá | sugarakká |
| terminative | sugárig | sugarakig |
| essive-formal | sugárként | sugarakként |
| essive-modal | sugárul | — |
| inessive | sugárban | sugarakban |
| superessive | sugáron | sugarakon |
| adessive | sugárnál | sugaraknál |
| illative | sugárba | sugarakba |
| sublative | sugárra | sugarakra |
| allative | sugárhoz | sugarakhoz |
| elative | sugárból | sugarakból |
| delative | sugárról | sugarakról |
| ablative | sugártól | sugaraktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
sugáré | sugaraké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
sugáréi | sugarakéi |
| Possessive forms of sugár | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | sugaram | sugaraim |
| 2nd person sing. | sugarad | sugaraid |
| 3rd person sing. | sugara | sugarai |
| 1st person plural | sugarunk | sugaraink |
| 2nd person plural | sugaratok | sugaraitok |
| 3rd person plural | sugaruk | sugaraik |
or (in archaic or poetic style)
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sugár | sugárok |
| accusative | sugárt | sugárokat |
| dative | sugárnak | sugároknak |
| instrumental | sugárral | sugárokkal |
| causal-final | sugárért | sugárokért |
| translative | sugárrá | sugárokká |
| terminative | sugárig | sugárokig |
| essive-formal | sugárként | sugárokként |
| essive-modal | sugárul | — |
| inessive | sugárban | sugárokban |
| superessive | sugáron | sugárokon |
| adessive | sugárnál | sugároknál |
| illative | sugárba | sugárokba |
| sublative | sugárra | sugárokra |
| allative | sugárhoz | sugárokhoz |
| elative | sugárból | sugárokból |
| delative | sugárról | sugárokról |
| ablative | sugártól | sugároktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
sugáré | sugároké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
sugáréi | sugárokéi |
| Possessive forms of sugár | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | sugárom | sugáraim |
| 2nd person sing. | sugárod | sugáraid |
| 3rd person sing. | sugára | sugárai |
| 1st person plural | sugárunk | sugáraink |
| 2nd person plural | sugárotok | sugáraitok |
| 3rd person plural | sugáruk | sugáraik |
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
Expressions
References
[edit]- ^ sugár in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- sugár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN