sommer

See also: Sommer, sømmer, and sòmmer

English

Etymology 1

From Afrikaans sommer.

Interjection

sommer

1. (South Africa) just because; answer to questions (especially "why" questions) that you do not want to answer or don't have a specific answer for.

   Why do I have to go to school?
   Sommer.

Etymology 2

Noun

sommer (plural sommers)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of summer

Anagrams

• momser

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

• somar (obsolete)
• sommar (archaic)

Etymology

From Dutch zomaar, with vowel reduction.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.mər/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

sommer

1. just, no more than
   • 2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 255:

     Hy sê: Moenie laf wees nie, dit was sommer kanonskote vir koningin Victoria se verjaardag, dis Engeland se skip wat in die hawe lê.

     He said, Don't be silly; that was just cannon shots for Queen Victoria's birthday; that's an English ship there in the harbour.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“summer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔmɐ/, [ˈsʌmɐ], [ˈsɒ̽mɒ̽]

Noun

sommer c (singular definite sommeren, plural indefinite somre)

1. (season) summer (hottest season)

Inflection

Declension of sommer

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sommer	sommeren	somre	somrene
genitive	sommers	sommerens	somres	somrenes

Derived terms

• sommeragtig ("summerlike")
• sommerlig ("summerly")

See also

• sommer on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da
• Sommer (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da
• (seasons) årstider; forår,‎ sommer,‎ efterår,‎ vinter ^[edit]

Seasons in Danish · årstider (layout · text) · category
forår (“spring”)	sommer (“summer”)	efterår (“autumn”)	vinter (“winter”)

French

Etymology

From somme +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɔ.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

sommer

1. (mathematics) to sum up
2. to summon, to call

Conjugation

Conjugation of sommer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	sommer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	sommant /sɔ.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sommé /sɔ.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	somme /sɔm/	sommes /sɔm/	somme /sɔm/	sommons /sɔ.mɔ̃/	sommez /sɔ.me/	somment /sɔm/
	imperfect	sommais /sɔ.mɛ/	sommais /sɔ.mɛ/	sommait /sɔ.mɛ/	sommions /sɔ.mjɔ̃/	sommiez /sɔ.mje/	sommaient /sɔ.mɛ/
	past historic2	sommai /sɔ.me/	sommas /sɔ.ma/	somma /sɔ.ma/	sommâmes /sɔ.mam/	sommâtes /sɔ.mat/	sommèrent /sɔ.mɛʁ/
	future	sommerai /sɔm.ʁe/	sommeras /sɔm.ʁa/	sommera /sɔm.ʁa/	sommerons /sɔm.ʁɔ̃/	sommerez /sɔm.ʁe/	sommeront /sɔm.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	sommerais /sɔm.ʁɛ/	sommerais /sɔm.ʁɛ/	sommerait /sɔm.ʁɛ/	sommerions /sɔ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	sommeriez /sɔ.mə.ʁje/	sommeraient /sɔm.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	somme /sɔm/	sommes /sɔm/	somme /sɔm/	sommions /sɔ.mjɔ̃/	sommiez /sɔ.mje/	somment /sɔm/
	imperfect2	sommasse /sɔ.mas/	sommasses /sɔ.mas/	sommât /sɔ.ma/	sommassions /sɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/	sommassiez /sɔ.ma.sje/	sommassent /sɔ.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	somme /sɔm/	—	sommons /sɔ.mɔ̃/	sommez /sɔ.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• sommation

Further reading

• “sommer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.

Noun

sommer m (definite singular sommeren, indefinite plural sommere or somre or somrer, definite plural sommerne or somrene)

1. summer

Derived terms

• forsommer
• midtsommer
• sensommer
• sommerdag
• sommerferie
• sommerhalvår
• sommermåned
• sommersolverv
• sommerstid
• sommertid
• sommervær

 

See also

• sommar, sumar (Nynorsk)

Seasons in Norwegian Bokmål · årstider (layout · text) · category
vår (“spring”)	sommer (“summer”)	høst (“autumn”)	vinter (“winter”)

References

• “sommer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.