sammua
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *sambudak (compare Ingrian sammua, Karelian sammuo, Veps sampta).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sammua (intransitive)
- (of light) to go out, off.
- (of fire) to go out, die (down), flame out
- (of a machine, device, etc.) to turn off, shut down, shut off, wind down
- (of an engine etc.) to stall, shut off
- (of thirst) to be quenched
- (of feelings, emotions) to die, fade/melt away, diminish
- (colloquial) to crash, conk out (to fall asleep)
- (colloquial) to pass out (due to heavy consumption of alcohol)
- (of a language) to die, to go extinct
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of sammua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | sammun | en sammu | 1st sing. | olen sammunut | en ole sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sammut | et sammu | 2nd sing. | olet sammunut | et ole sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | sammuu | ei sammu | 3rd sing. | on sammunut | ei ole sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | sammumme | emme sammu | 1st plur. | olemme sammuneet | emme ole sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | sammutte | ette sammu | 2nd plur. | olette sammuneet | ette ole sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | sammuvat | eivät sammu | 3rd plur. | ovat sammuneet | eivät ole sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | sammutaan | ei sammuta | passive | on sammuttu | ei ole sammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | sammuin | en sammunut | 1st sing. | olin sammunut | en ollut sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sammuit | et sammunut | 2nd sing. | olit sammunut | et ollut sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | sammui | ei sammunut | 3rd sing. | oli sammunut | ei ollut sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | sammuimme | emme sammuneet | 1st plur. | olimme sammuneet | emme olleet sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | sammuitte | ette sammuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte sammuneet | ette olleet sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | sammuivat | eivät sammuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat sammuneet | eivät olleet sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | sammuttiin | ei sammuttu | passive | oli sammuttu | ei ollut sammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | sammuisin | en sammuisi | 1st sing. | olisin sammunut | en olisi sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sammuisit | et sammuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit sammunut | et olisi sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | sammuisi | ei sammuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi sammunut | ei olisi sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | sammuisimme | emme sammuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme sammuneet | emme olisi sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | sammuisitte | ette sammuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte sammuneet | ette olisi sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | sammuisivat | eivät sammuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat sammuneet | eivät olisi sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | sammuttaisiin | ei sammuttaisi | passive | olisi sammuttu | ei olisi sammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sammu | älä sammu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | sammukoon | älköön sammuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon sammunut | älköön olko sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | sammukaamme | älkäämme sammuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | sammukaa | älkää sammuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | sammukoot | älkööt sammuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot sammuneet | älkööt olko sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | sammuttakoon | älköön sammuttako | passive | olkoon sammuttu | älköön olko sammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | sammunen | en sammune | 1st sing. | lienen sammunut | en liene sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | sammunet | et sammune | 2nd sing. | lienet sammunut | et liene sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | sammunee | ei sammune | 3rd sing. | lienee sammunut | ei liene sammunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | sammunemme | emme sammune | 1st plur. | lienemme sammuneet | emme liene sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | sammunette | ette sammune | 2nd plur. | lienette sammuneet | ette liene sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | sammunevat | eivät sammune | 3rd plur. | lienevät sammuneet | eivät liene sammuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | sammuttaneen | ei sammuttane | passive | lienee sammuttu | ei liene sammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | sammua | present | sammuva | sammuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | sammunut | sammuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | sammuessa | sammuttaessa | agent4 | sammuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | sammumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | sammuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | sammumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | sammumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | sammumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | sammumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | sammumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | sammuman | sammuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | sammuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]adjectives
nouns
verbs
Descendants
[edit]- → Votic: sammua
Further reading
[edit]- “sammua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *sambudak. Cognates include Finnish sammua and Veps sampta.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsɑmːuɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑmːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsɑmːuɑ/, [ˈʃɑmːuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːoː, -ɑmːuɑ
- Hyphenation: sam‧mu‧a
Verb
[edit]sammua
- (intransitive, of fire) to die down
- (intransitive, of sound) to quiet down
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of sammua (type 1/ampua, no gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammun | en sammu | 1st singular | oon sammunt, oon sammunut | en oo sammunt, en oo sammunut |
2nd singular | sammut | et sammu | 2nd singular | oot sammunt, oot sammunut | et oo sammunt, et oo sammunut |
3rd singular | sammuu | ei sammu | 3rd singular | ono sammunt, ono sammunut | ei oo sammunt, ei oo sammunut |
1st plural | sammumma | emmä sammu | 1st plural | oomma sammuneet | emmä oo sammuneet |
2nd plural | sammutta | että sammu | 2nd plural | ootta sammuneet | että oo sammuneet |
3rd plural | sammuut1), sammuvat2), sammutaa | evät sammu, ei sammuta | 3rd plural | ovat sammuneet | evät oo sammuneet, ei oo sammuttu |
impersonal | sammutaa | ei sammuta | impersonal | ono sammuttu | ei oo sammuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammuin | en sammunt, en sammunut | 1st singular | olin sammunt, olin sammunut | en olt sammunt, en olt sammunut |
2nd singular | sammuit | et sammunt, et sammunut | 2nd singular | olit sammunt, olit sammunut | et olt sammunt, et olt sammunut |
3rd singular | sammui | ei sammunt, ei sammunut | 3rd singular | oli sammunt, oli sammunut | ei olt sammunt, ei olt sammunut |
1st plural | sammuimma | emmä sammuneet | 1st plural | olimma sammuneet | emmä olleet sammuneet |
2nd plural | sammuitta | että sammuneet | 2nd plural | olitta sammuneet | että olleet sammuneet |
3rd plural | sammuit1), sammuivat2), sammuttii | evät sammuneet, ei sammuttu | 3rd plural | olivat sammuneet | evät olleet sammuneet, ei olt sammuttu |
impersonal | sammuttii | ei sammuttu | impersonal | oli sammuttu | ei olt sammuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammuisin | en sammuis | 1st singular | olisin sammunt, olisin sammunut | en olis sammunt, en olis sammunut |
2nd singular | sammuisit, sammuist1) | et sammuis | 2nd singular | olisit sammunt, olisit sammunut | et olis sammunt, et olis sammunut |
3rd singular | sammuis | ei sammuis | 3rd singular | olis sammunt, olis sammunut | ei olis sammunt, ei olis sammunut |
1st plural | sammuisimma | emmä sammuis | 1st plural | olisimma sammuneet | emmä olis sammuneet |
2nd plural | sammuisitta | että sammuis | 2nd plural | olisitta sammuneet | että olis sammuneet |
3rd plural | sammuisiit1), sammuisivat2), sammuttais | evät sammuis, ei sammuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat sammuneet | evät olis sammuneet, ei olis sammuttu |
impersonal | sammuttais | ei sammuttais | impersonal | olis sammuttu | ei olis sammuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | sammu | elä sammu | 2nd singular | oo sammunt, oo sammunut | elä oo sammunt, elä oo sammunut |
3rd singular | sammukoo | elköö sammuko | 3rd singular | olkoo sammunt, olkoo sammunut | elköö olko sammunt, elköö olko sammunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | sammukaa | elkää sammuko | 2nd plural | olkaa sammuneet | elkää olko sammuneet |
3rd plural | sammukoot | elkööt sammuko, elköö sammuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot sammuneet | elkööt olko sammuneet, elköö olko sammuttu |
impersonal | sammuttakkoo | elköö sammuttako | impersonal | olkoo sammuttu | elköö olko sammuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | sammunen | en sammune | |||
2nd singular | sammunet | et sammune | |||
3rd singular | sammunoo | ei sammune | |||
1st plural | sammunemma | emmä sammune | |||
2nd plural | sammunetta | että sammune | |||
3rd plural | sammunoot | evät sammune, ei sammuttane | |||
impersonal | sammuttannoo | ei sammuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | sammua | present | sammuva | sammuttava | |
2nd | inessive | sammujees | past | sammunt, sammunut | sammuttu |
instructive | sammuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (sammukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | sammumaa | |||
inessive | sammumaas | ||||
elative | sammumast | ||||
abessive | sammumata | ||||
4th | nominative | sammumiin | |||
partitive | sammumista, sammumist |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 503
Votic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sammua
- (intransitive) to go out (of fire)
- Synonym: kussua
- (intransitive) to be hoarse (of a voice)
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of sammua (type II-2/alkua, no gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammun | en sammu | 1st singular | õõn sammunnu | en õõ sammunnu |
2nd singular | sammud | ed sammu | 2nd singular | õõd sammunnu | ed õõ sammunnu |
3rd singular | sammub | eb sammu | 3rd singular | on sammunnu | eb õõ sammunnu |
1st plural | sammummõ | emmä sammu | 1st plural | õõmmõ sammunnu | emmä õõ sammunnu |
2nd plural | sammuttõ | että sammu | 2nd plural | õõttõ sammunnu | että õõ sammunnu |
3rd plural | sammuta | eväd sammu | 3rd plural | õlla sammutu | eväd õõ sammutu |
impersonal | sammuta | eväd sammu | impersonal | õlla sammutu | eväd õõ sammutu |
Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammuzin | en sammunnu | 1st singular | õlin sammunnu | — |
2nd singular | sammuzid | ed sammunnu | 2nd singular | õlid sammunnu | — |
3rd singular | sammu | eb sammunnu | 3rd singular | õli sammunnu | — |
1st plural | sammuzimmõ | emmä sammunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ sammunnu | — |
2nd plural | sammuzittõ | että sammunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ sammunnu | — |
3rd plural | sammuti | eväd sammutu | 3rd plural | õlti sammutu | — |
impersonal | sammuti | eväd sammutu | impersonal | õlti sammutu | — |
Conditional | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | sammuizin | en sammuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin sammunnu | en õllõizʹ sammunnu |
2nd singular | sammuizid | ed sammuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid sammunnu | ed õllõizʹ sammunnu |
3rd singular | sammuizʹ | eb sammuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ sammunnu | eb õllõizʹ sammunnu |
1st plural | sammuizimmõ | emmä sammuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ sammunnu | emmä õllõizʹ sammunnu |
2nd plural | sammuizittõ | että sammuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ sammunnu | että õllõizʹ sammunnu |
3rd plural | sammutaizʹ | eväd sammutaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ sammutu | eväd õltaizʹ sammutu |
impersonal | sammutaizʹ | eväd sammutaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ sammutu | eväd õltaizʹ sammutu |
Imperative | |||||
Present | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | — | — | |||
2nd singular | sammu | elä sammu | |||
3rd singular | sammugo1) | elko sammugo1) | |||
1st plural | — | — | |||
2nd plural | sammuga | elka sammuga | |||
3rd plural | sammugod1) | — | |||
impersonal | — | — | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitives | Participles | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | sammua | present | sammujõ2) | — | |
2nd | illative | sammuma | past | sammunnu | sammutu |
inessive | sammumõz | 1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun | |||
elative | sammumõssõ | ||||
abessive | sammumõttõ |
References
[edit]- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sammua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑmːuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑmːuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmːoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmːoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmːuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmːuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Votic terms borrowed from Finnish
- Votic terms derived from Finnish
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑmːuɑ̯
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑmːuɑ̯/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic verbs
- Votic intransitive verbs
- Votic alkua-type verbs