Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sampudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Indo-Iranian (whence Sanskrit शम्यति (śamyati), शाम्यति (śāmyati, “to be extinguished, die out, abate, cease, stop, go to rest, be calm or quiet”)),[1] but this has been fairly convincingly rejected.[2] An alternative posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną, but this is likewise uncertain.
Verb
[edit]*sampudak (stem *sampu-)
Usage notes
[edit]In Finnish, Ingrian and North Karelian, the weak grade (-mm-) has been levelled to all forms.
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *sampudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sambun | *sambuin | — | *sampugon |
| 2nd sing. | *sambut | *sambuit | *sambuk | *sampugos |
| 3rd sing. | *sampubi *sampu |
*sampui | *sampugasën | *sampugosën |
| 1st plur. | *sambukmëk *sambukmak |
*sampuimëk *sampuimak |
*sampugatëmëk *sampugatamak |
*sampugotëmëk *sampugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sambuktëk *sambuktak |
*sampuidëk *sampuidak |
*sampugatë *sampugata |
*sampugot'ëk *sampugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *sampubat *sampu |
*sampui | *sampugasën | *sampugosën |
| passive | *sambuksën *sambut'aksën |
*sampudisën *sambuttisën |
*sampudakahën *sambuttakahën |
*sampudakohën *sambuttakohën |
| connegative | *sambuk | — | *sampugak | *sampugok |
| passive connegative | *sambuktak | — | *sampudagak *sambuttagak |
*sampudagok *sambuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sambukcin | *sampuicin | *sampunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sambukcit | *sampuicit | *sampunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sambukci | *sampuici | *sampuni | |
| 1st plur. | *sambukcimëk *sambukcimak |
*sampuicimëk *sampuicimak |
*sampunëmëk *sampunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sambukcidëk *sambukcidak |
*sampuicidëk *sampuicidak |
*sampunëdëk *sampunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sambukci | *sampuici | *sampuni | |
| passive | *sampudakcihën *sambut'akcihën |
*sampudicihën *sambutticihën |
*sampudanëhën *sambuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *sambukcik | *sampuicik | *sampunëk | |
| passive connegative | *sampudakcik *sambut'akcik |
*sampudicik *sambutticik |
*sampudanëk *sambuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *sampudak | present | *sampuba | *sampudapa *sambuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *sampudë- | past | *sampunut | *sampudu *sambuttu |
| gerund/supine | *sampuma | |||
| action noun | *sampuminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Finnish: sammua
- → Votic: sammua
- Ingrian: sammua
- Karelian:
- Livvi: sambuo
- Ludian: sambuda
- Veps: sambuda, sampta
References
[edit]- ^ http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/article/viewFile/52396/16246
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa & Junttila, Santeri. Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen (2023)
Further reading
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sammua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN