pirkt

Latvian

Etymology

This word is traditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *per-k-, *pr̥k-, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“taking over, past something”) (whence Latvian prepositions par, pār, q.v.), as a verb “to take over, past (somewhere)” > “to take (somewhere) to sell” > “to sell”, with an extra k. With this meaning, cf. Ancient Greek περνάναι (pernánai), πιπράσκειν (pipráskein, “to sell, to export”), and Old Irish renim (“I sell”) (< *pr̥-nā-). In the Baltic languages, the meaning “to sell” became “to buy,” given the nature of buying and selling as two aspects of the same two-sided event. From the same stem also prece (“product, ware, merchandise”), q.v. A more recent suggestion is that pirkt may derive from another Proto-Indo-European stem *per- (“to hit”) (whence pērkons (“thunder”), q.v.), with as original meaning “to rob, to plunder;” in several Indo-European languages, verbs of buying originate from verbs of taking (cf. Latin emere (“to buy”), earlier “to take”). Cognates include Lithuanian pir̃kti.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pìɾkt]

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Verb

pirkt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present pērku, pērc, pērk, past pirku)

to buy, to purchase (to obtain, to acquire something by paying an appropriate amount of money)
pirkt pārtiku ― to buy groceries

pirkt lakatu, zābakus ― to buy a scarf, boots

pirkt gleznu ― to buy a painting

pirkt biļetes ― to buy tickets

dārgi, lēti pirkt ― to buy at an expensive, cheap price

izdēvīgi pirkt ― to buy at a convenient price

pirkt par skaidru naudu ― to buy (for) cash (lit. for clear money)

pirkt skaidrā naudā ― to buy cash (lit. in clear money)

pirkt uz kredīta, uz nomaksu ― to buy on credit, by installments

viņš brauca uz Igauniju pirkt jaunu zirgu ― he went to Estonia to buy a new horse

viņa pirka tikai pašu visnepieciešamako ― she bought only the most necessary (things)

visi pērk, tātad arī man jāpērk ― everybody is buying, so I also have to buy
(figuratively) to buy (to obtain something with effort, with sacrifice)
par milzīgu asinscenu pirkta uzvara pār fašismu ― the victory over fascism was bought with an enormous price in blood

Conjugation

Conjugation of *pirkt*
	indicative (īstenības izteiksme)					imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
		present (tagadne)	past (pagātne)		future (nākotne)	imperative (pavēles izteiksme)
1st person sg	es	pērku	pirku		pirkšu	—
2nd person sg	tu	pērc	pirki		pirksi	pērc
3rd person sg	viņš, viņa	pērk	pirka		pirks	lai pērk
1st person pl	mēs	pērkam	pirkām		pirksim	pirksim
2nd person pl	jūs	pērkat	pirkāt		pirksiet, pirksit	pērciet
3rd person pl	viņi, viņas	pērk	pirka		pirks	lai pērk

renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme)				participles (divdabji)
present	pērkot			present active 1 (adj.)		pērkošs
past	esot pircis			present active 2 (adv.)		pirkdams
future	pirkšot			present active 3 (adv.)		pērkot
imperative	lai pērkot			present active 4 (obj.)		pērkam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme)				past active		pircis
present	pirktu			present passive		pērkams
past	būtu pircis			past passive		pirkts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme)				nominal forms
indicative	(būt) jāpērk			infinitive (nenoteiksme)		pirkt
conjunctive 1	esot jāpērk			negative infinitive		nepirkt
conjunctive 2	jāpērkot			verbal noun		pirkšana

Antonyms

pārdot

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pirkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pirkt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]