pauper

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term. Doublet of poor.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɔː.pə/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɔ.pɚ/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑ.pɚ/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Homophone: popper (cot–caught merger)
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈpoː.pə/
• Rhymes: -ɔːpə(ɹ)

Noun

pauper (plural paupers)

1. One who is extremely poor.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pauper

   • 1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:

     He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!

2. One living on or eligible for public charity.

Derived terms

• pauperism
• pauperess
• pauperize
• pauper's funeral
• pauper's grave

Related terms

• pauci-

Translations

one who is extremely poor

• Arabic: فَقِير (ar) m (faqīr)
• Belarusian: жабра́к m (žabrák), галя́к m (halják), бяда́к m (bjadák), бе́дны m (bjédny)
• Bulgarian: бедня́к (bg) m (bednják), сирома́х (bg) m (siromáh)
• Cherokee: ᎤᏲ ᎢᏳᏛᎿᏕᎩ (uyo iyudvhnadegi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 窮光蛋 / 穷光蛋 (zh) (qióngguāngdàn), 窮鬼 / 穷鬼 (zh) (qióngguǐ)

• Czech: chuďas (cs) m, chudák (cs) m
• Danish: fattiglem n, fattiglus c
• Dutch: pauper (nl)
• Esperanto: povrulo, malriĉulo
• Estonian: kerjus (et)
• Finnish: tyhjätasku (fi), keppikerjäläinen (fi); rutiköyhä (fi) (adj.)
• French: pauvre (fr) m or f, indigent (fr) m
• German: Bettelknabe m, Armer (de) m
• Greek: πένης (el) m (pénis)

  Ancient: πένης m (pénēs)

• Italian: indigente (it) m or f, poveraccio (it) m, povero (it) m, nullatenente (it) m, bisognoso (it) m
• Japanese: 貧民 (ja) (ひんみん, hinmin), 貧困者 (ひんこんしゃ, hinkonsha), 貧者 (ja) (ひんじゃ, hinja)
• Korean: 빈자 (ko) (binja), 빈민 (ko) (binmin), 극빈자 (ko) (geukbinja)
• Latin: pauper (la) m or f
• Macedonian: голтар m (goltar)
• Maori: pō(w)hara
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: fattiglem n, fattiglus m or f

• Persian: بدبخت (fa) (badbaxt), بی‌نوا (bi-navâ)
• Polish: biedak (pl) m, nędzarz (pl) m, ubogi (pl) m, żebrak (pl) m
• Portuguese: indigente (pt) m or f
• Russian: ни́щий (ru) (níščij), бедня́к (ru) m (bednják), бе́дный (ru) m (bédnyj), неиму́щий (ru) (neimúščij), нужда́ющийся (ru) (nuždájuščijsja)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: сиромах m

  Roman: siromah (sh) m

• Sicilian: (related to wealth) pòviru (scn) m, nullatinenti m, senzarobba m; (related to misfortune) mischinu (scn) m, mischinazzu m, puvirazzu m, disgrazziatu m
• Slovak: chudák m
• Slovene: revež m, berač (sl) m
• Spanish: indigente (es) m or f
• Swahili: fukara (sw)
• Swedish: fattiglapp (sv) c, fattighjon (sv)
• Turkish: düşkün (tr), fukara (tr)
• Ukrainian: бідня́к (uk) m (bidnják), бі́дний (uk) m (bídnyj), па́упер (uk) m (páuper), па́впер m (pávper), сірома́ха m or f (siromáxa), сірома́ (uk) m or f (siromá)
• Yiddish: אָרעמאַן m (oreman), אבֿיון m (evyen)

one living on or eligible for public charity

• Finnish: sosiaaliturvan varassa elävä (living on charity); sosiaaliturvaan oikeutettu (eligible)
• German: Unterstützungsempfänger m
• Greek: άπορος (el) m (áporos), ζητιάνος (el) m (zitiános)
• Italian: indigente (it) m or f
• Persian: مستحق (fa) (mostahaq), نیازمند (fa) (niyâzmand)
• Sicilian: pòviru (scn) m, nullatinenti m; (forms of endearment) mischinu (scn) m, mischinazzu m, puvirazzu m, disgrazziatu m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} pauper (nl)

Verb

pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)

1. (transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty.
   • 2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:

     “There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”

See also

• in forma pauperis

Further reading

• Pauperism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Poverty threshold on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Measuring poverty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• poper

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin pauper.

Adjective

pauper

1. poor

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pauper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑu̯.pər/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pau‧per

Noun

pauper m (plural paupers, diminutive paupertje n)

1. (informal, often derogatory) a pauper

Derived terms

• pauperbak

 

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pawoparos (a thematic adjective, which was switched to the third declension in Latin analogically), from a compound beginning with Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (compare English few). The origin of the second element, -per, is less certain, but probably *perh₃- (“to grant, bestow, provide”) (compare Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “to supply, grant, pay”)), therefore the compound meant “providing little”.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpau̯.per/, [ˈpäu̯pɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpau̯.per/, [ˈpäːu̯per]

Adjective

pauper (genitive pauperis, comparative pauperior, superlative pauperrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

1. poor

   Synonyms: egens, inops, exiguus

   Antonyms: opulentus, dives, dis, ditis, opulens, locuples, pecuniosus

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	pauper			pauperēs	paupera
genitive	pauperis			pauperum
dative	pauperī			pauperibus
accusative	pauperem	pauper		pauperēs	paupera
ablative	paupere			pauperibus
vocative	pauper			pauperēs	paupera

• In Late or Vulgar Latin, this third declension adjective seems to have been regularized to first/second declension, like in the attested forms pauperus and paupera

Derived terms

• pauperculus
• pauperiēs
• paupertās

Related terms

• paucus

Descendants

• Asturian: probe
• Catalan: pobre
• Franco-Provençal: pouv(r)o
• Friulian: puar, pùar
• Istriot: puovari
• Italian: povero
• Lombard: pòor, pòr, pòver, pòvar, poret, poaret
• Occitan: paure
• Old French: povre
  • → Middle English: povre
    • English: poor
    • Scots: puir
  • French: pauvre
  • Norman: pouôrre, pauvre
  • Walloon: pôve
• Old Galician-Portuguese: pobre
  • Fala: pobri
  • Galician: pobre
  • Portuguese: pobre
• Piedmontese: pòver, pòr, povr
• Romansch: pover
• Sardinian: poaru, pobaru, poberu
• Sicilian: pòviru, pòvuru, povru
• Spanish: pobre
• Venetan: pore, poro, poaro, povaro

Learned borrowings

• → Dalmatian: pauper
• → English: pauper
• → Romanian: pauper
• → Romansch: pauper

Further reading

• “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pauper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
    

Middle English

Noun

pauper

1. Alternative form of paper

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pauper.

Adjective

pauper m or n (feminine singular pauperă, masculine plural pauperi, feminine and neuter plural paupere)

1. poor

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	pauper		pauperă		pauperi	paupere
	definite	pauperul		paupera		pauperii	pauperele
genitive- dative	indefinite	pauper		paupere		pauperi	paupere
	definite	pauperului		pauperei		pauperilor	pauperelor