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pauper

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin pauper (“poor”). Originally a legal term.[1] Doublet of poor.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pauper (plural paupers)

  1. One who is extremely poor.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pauper
  2. One living on or eligible for public charity.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)

  1. (transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty.
    • 2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:
      “There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “pauper”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Further reading

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Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin pauper.

Adjective

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pauper

  1. poor

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin pauper.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑu̯.pər/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: pau‧per

Noun

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pauper m (plural paupers, diminutive paupertje n)

  1. (informal, often derogatory) a pauper

Derived terms

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *pawoparos (a thematic adjective, which was switched to the third declension in Latin analogically), from a compound beginning with Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (compare English few). The origin of the second element, -per, is less certain, but probably *perh₃- (“to grant, bestow, provide”) (compare Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “to supply, grant, pay”)), therefore the compound meant “providing little”.[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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pauper (genitive pauperis, comparative pauperior, superlative pauperrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

  1. poor
    Synonyms: egens, inops, exiguus
    Antonyms: opulentus, dives, dis, ditis, opulens, locuples, pecuniosus

Declension

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Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

singular plural
masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter
nominative pauper pauperēs paupera
genitive pauperis pauperum
dative pauperī pauperibus
accusative pauperem pauper pauperēs paupera
ablative paupere pauperibus
vocative pauper pauperēs paupera
  • In Late or Vulgar Latin, this third declension adjective seems to have been regularized to first/second declension, like in the attested forms pauperus and paupera

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Learned borrowings

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pauper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “PIt. *pau(o)-pa/oro-; PIE *peh₂u-(o-)p(o)rh₃-o-”

Further reading

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  • “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • pauper in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere

Middle English

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Noun

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pauper

  1. Alternative form of paper

Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin pauper.[1][2][3][4] First attested in the 19th century.[5]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pauper m pers

  1. (archaic) pauper (poor person)
    Synonym: biedak
  2. (archaic, figuratively) pauper (person in a difficult situation)
    Synonym: biedak
  3. (historical, Middle Ages) pauper (poor student who lives off services or alms)
  4. (obsolete, humorous) Synonym of ulicznik

Declension

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Declension of pauper
singular plural
nominative pauper pauprowie/pauprzy
genitive paupra pauprów
dative pauprowi pauprom
accusative paupra pauprów
instrumental pauprem pauprami
locative pauprze pauprach
vocative pauprze pauprowie/pauprzy

[6]

References

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  1. ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “pauper”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
  2. ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “pauper”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  3. ^ Halina Zgółkowa, editor (1994-2005), “pauper”, in Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny, volumes 1-50, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Kurpisz, →ISBN
  4. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “pauper”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  5. ^ Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pauper”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  6. ^ “pauper”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish], 2022

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin pauper.

Adjective

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pauper m or n (feminine singular pauperă, masculine plural pauperi, feminine and neuter plural paupere)

  1. poor

Declension

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singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite pauper pauperă pauperi paupere
definite pauperul paupera pauperii pauperele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite pauper paupere pauperi paupere
definite pauperului pauperei pauperilor pauperelor
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