pakahtua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *pak'ahtudak, derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pëkka- (“to burst”).[1] Compare Hungarian fakad (“to spring, burst”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]pakahtua
- (intransitive, often figuratively) to burst
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of pakahtua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | pakahdun | en pakahdu | 1st sing. | olen pakahtunut | en ole pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | pakahdut | et pakahdu | 2nd sing. | olet pakahtunut | et ole pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | pakahtuu | ei pakahdu | 3rd sing. | on pakahtunut | ei ole pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | pakahdumme | emme pakahdu | 1st plur. | olemme pakahtuneet | emme ole pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | pakahdutte | ette pakahdu | 2nd plur. | olette pakahtuneet | ette ole pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | pakahtuvat | eivät pakahdu | 3rd plur. | ovat pakahtuneet | eivät ole pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | pakahdutaan | ei pakahduta | passive | on pakahduttu | ei ole pakahduttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | pakahduin | en pakahtunut | 1st sing. | olin pakahtunut | en ollut pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | pakahduit | et pakahtunut | 2nd sing. | olit pakahtunut | et ollut pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | pakahtui | ei pakahtunut | 3rd sing. | oli pakahtunut | ei ollut pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | pakahduimme | emme pakahtuneet | 1st plur. | olimme pakahtuneet | emme olleet pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | pakahduitte | ette pakahtuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte pakahtuneet | ette olleet pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | pakahtuivat | eivät pakahtuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat pakahtuneet | eivät olleet pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | pakahduttiin | ei pakahduttu | passive | oli pakahduttu | ei ollut pakahduttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | pakahtuisin | en pakahtuisi | 1st sing. | olisin pakahtunut | en olisi pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | pakahtuisit | et pakahtuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit pakahtunut | et olisi pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | pakahtuisi | ei pakahtuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi pakahtunut | ei olisi pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | pakahtuisimme | emme pakahtuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme pakahtuneet | emme olisi pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | pakahtuisitte | ette pakahtuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte pakahtuneet | ette olisi pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | pakahtuisivat | eivät pakahtuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat pakahtuneet | eivät olisi pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | pakahduttaisiin | ei pakahduttaisi | passive | olisi pakahduttu | ei olisi pakahduttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | pakahdu | älä pakahdu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | pakahtukoon | älköön pakahtuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon pakahtunut | älköön olko pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | pakahtukaamme | älkäämme pakahtuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | pakahtukaa | älkää pakahtuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | pakahtukoot | älkööt pakahtuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot pakahtuneet | älkööt olko pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | pakahduttakoon | älköön pakahduttako | passive | olkoon pakahduttu | älköön olko pakahduttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | pakahtunen | en pakahtune | 1st sing. | lienen pakahtunut | en liene pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | pakahtunet | et pakahtune | 2nd sing. | lienet pakahtunut | et liene pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | pakahtunee | ei pakahtune | 3rd sing. | lienee pakahtunut | ei liene pakahtunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | pakahtunemme | emme pakahtune | 1st plur. | lienemme pakahtuneet | emme liene pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | pakahtunette | ette pakahtune | 2nd plur. | lienette pakahtuneet | ette liene pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | pakahtunevat | eivät pakahtune | 3rd plur. | lienevät pakahtuneet | eivät liene pakahtuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | pakahduttaneen | ei pakahduttane | passive | lienee pakahduttu | ei liene pakahduttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | pakahtua | present | pakahtuva | pakahduttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | pakahtunut | pakahduttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | pakahtuessa | pakahduttaessa | agent4 | pakahtuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | pakahtumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | pakahtuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | pakahtumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | pakahtumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | pakahtumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | pakahtumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | pakahtumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | pakahtuman | pakahduttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | pakahtuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Aikio, Ante. 2016. "The Finnic 'secondary e-stems' and Proto-Uralic vocalism". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 95, pp. 25–66.
Further reading
[edit]- “pakahtua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish 4-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Finnish/uɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/uɑ/4 syllables
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