pína

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pina"

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse pína, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, blood money”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpʰʊiːjna]

Noun

pína f (genitive singular pínu, plural pínur)

pain

Declension

Declension of pína
f1	singular		plural
f1	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pína	pínan	pínur	pínurnar
accusative	pínu	pínuna	pínur	pínurnar
dative	pínu	pínuni	pínum	pínunum
genitive	pínu	pínunnar	pína	pínanna

Verb

pína (third person singular past indicative píndi, third person plural past indicative píndu, supine pínt)

to hurt, to torture

Conjugation

Conjugation of pína (group v-1)
infinitive	pína
supine	pínt
participle (a7)¹	pínandi	píndur
	present	past
first singular	píni	píndi
second singular	pínir	píndi
third singular	pínir	píndi
plural	pína	píndu
	imperative
singular	pín!
plural	pínið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Verb

pína (third person singular past indicative pínaði, third person plural past indicative pínaðu, supine pínað)

to swear

Conjugation

Conjugation of pína (group v-30)
infinitive	pína
supine	pínað
participle (a6)¹	pínandi	pínaður
	present	past
first singular	píni	pínaði
second singular	pínar	pínaði
third singular	pínar	pínaði
plural	pína	pínaðu
	imperative
singular	pína!
plural	pínið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse pína.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpʰiːna/
Rhymes: -iːna

Noun

pína f (genitive singular pínu, nominative plural pínur)

pain, torment
a tiny amount

Declension

Declension of pína (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pína	pínan	pínur	pínurnar
accusative	pínu	pínuna	pínur	pínurnar
dative	pínu	pínunni	pínum	pínunum
genitive	pínu	pínunnar	pína	pínanna

Synonyms

(pain, torment) kvöl

Verb

pína (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative píndi, supine pínt)

to torture, to torment

Conjugation

pína — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að pína
supine (sagnbót)		pínt
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		pínandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég píni	við pínum	present (nútíð)	ég píni	við pínum
	þú pínir	þið pínið		þú pínir	þið pínið
	hann, hún, það pínir	þeir, þær, þau pína		hann, hún, það píni	þeir, þær, þau píni

past (þátíð)	ég píndi	við píndum	past (þátíð)	ég píndi	við píndum
	þú píndir	þið pínduð		þú píndir	þið pínduð
	hann, hún, það píndi	þeir, þær, þau píndu		hann, hún, það píndi	þeir, þær, þau píndu

imperative (boðháttur)	pín (þú)	pínið (þið)
	píndu	píniði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

pínast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að pínast
supine (sagnbót)		pínst
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		pínandist the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég pínist	við pínumst	present (nútíð)	ég pínist	við pínumst
	þú pínist	þið pínist		þú pínist	þið pínist
	hann, hún, það pínist	þeir, þær, þau pínast		hann, hún, það pínist	þeir, þær, þau pínist

past (þátíð)	ég píndist	við píndumst	past (þátíð)	ég píndist	við píndumst
	þú píndist	þið píndust		þú píndist	þið píndust
	hann, hún, það píndist	þeir, þær, þau píndust		hann, hún, það píndist	þeir, þær, þau píndust

imperative (boðháttur)	pínst (þú)	pínist (þið)
	pínstu	pínisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

píndur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	píndur	pínd	pínt	píndir	píndar	pínd
accusative (þolfall)	píndan	pínda	pínt	pínda	píndar	pínd
dative (þágufall)	píndum	píndri	píndu	píndum	píndum	píndum
genitive (eignarfall)	pínds	píndrar	pínds	píndra	píndra	píndra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	píndi	pínda	pínda	píndu	píndu	píndu
accusative (þolfall)	pínda	píndu	pínda	píndu	píndu	píndu
dative (þágufall)	pínda	píndu	pínda	píndu	píndu	píndu
genitive (eignarfall)	pínda	píndu	pínda	píndu	píndu	píndu

Synonyms

kvelja, pynta

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Old Saxon pīna and/or Old English pīn (“pain, torment”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīnā, *pīnu, from Latin pēna (“penalty, punishment, torment”). Compare German Pein (“pain”).^[1]

Noun

pína f (genitive pínu, plural pínur)

torture, punishment
fine

Declension

Declension of pína (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pína	pínan	pínur	pínurnar
accusative	pínu	pínuna	pínur	pínurnar
dative	pínu	pínunni	pínum	pínunum
genitive	pínu	pínunnar	pínna	pínnanna

Related terms

pín

Descendants

Icelandic: pína
Faroese: pína
Swedish: pina
Danish: pine

Etymology 2

From the noun above, and also from Old English pīnian (“to torment, torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn, ultimately from Latin pēna (“pain”). Compare Middle Low German pînen (“to punish”).

Verb

pína (singular past indicative pínda, plural past indicative píndu, past participle píndr)

to punish, torment
Synonym: kvelja

Conjugation

Conjugation of pína — active (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	pína
present participle	pínandi
past participle	píndr
1st-person singular	píni	pínda
2nd-person singular	pínir	píndir
3rd-person singular	pínir	píndi
1st-person plural	pínum	píndum
2nd-person plural	pínið	pínduð
3rd-person plural	pína	píndu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	pína	pínda
2nd-person singular	pínir	píndir
3rd-person singular	píni	píndi
1st-person plural	pínim	píndim
2nd-person plural	pínið	píndið
3rd-person plural	píni	píndi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	pín, píni
1st-person plural	pínum
2nd-person plural	pínið

Conjugation of pína — mediopassive (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	pínask
present participle	pínandisk
past participle	pínzk
1st-person singular	pínumk	píndumk
2nd-person singular	pínisk	píndisk
3rd-person singular	pínisk	píndisk
1st-person plural	pínumsk	píndumsk
2nd-person plural	pínizk	pínduzk
3rd-person plural	pínask	píndusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	pínumk	píndumk
2nd-person singular	pínisk	píndisk
3rd-person singular	pínisk	píndisk
1st-person plural	pínimsk	píndimsk
2nd-person plural	pínizk	píndizk
3rd-person plural	pínisk	píndisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	pínsk, pínisk
1st-person plural	pínumsk
2nd-person plural	pínizk

Descendants

Icelandic: pína
Faroese: pína
Swedish: pina
Danish: pine

References

^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “pín”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 425

[1] Vries, Jan (1977) “pín”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 425

[1]