Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).

Noun

*pīnā f

2. pine tree

   Synonyms: *pīnabaum, *dannā, *furhu

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pīnā
Genitive	*pīnōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pīnā	*pīnōn
Accusative	*pīnōn	*pīnōn
Genitive	*pīnōn	*pīnōnō
Dative	*pīnōn	*pīnōm, *pīnum
Instrumental	*pīnōn	*pīnōm, *pīnum

Derived terms

• *pīnabaum
• *pīnapplu

Descendants

• Old English: *pīne
  • Middle English: pyne, pine
    • English: pine
• Old Dutch: *pīna
  • Middle Dutch: pijn
    • Dutch: pijn
• Old High German: pīna (inexistent? see rfv)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Medieval Latin pēna, from Latin poena.

Noun

*pīnā f

2. torment, pain

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pīnā
Genitive	*pīnōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pīnā	*pīnōn
Accusative	*pīnōn	*pīnōn
Genitive	*pīnōn	*pīnōnō
Dative	*pīnōn	*pīnōm, *pīnum
Instrumental	*pīnōn	*pīnōm, *pīnum

Derived terms

• *pīnōn

Descendants

• Old Frisian: pīne
  • Saterland Frisian: Piene
  • West Frisian: pine
• Old Saxon: pīna
  • Middle Low German: pīne, pīn
• Old Dutch: *pīna
  • Middle Dutch: pine
    • Dutch: pijn
      • Afrikaans: pyn
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: pin
      • Jersey Dutch: pāin
      • Negerhollands: pien, pin
        • → Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)
      • →? Aukan: pin
• Old High German: pīna
  • Middle High German: pīne, pīn
    • German: Pein