otwarty
Appearance
See also: ôtwarty
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъvьrtъ. By surface analysis, odewrzeć + -ty. First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]otwarty
- passive adjectival participle of odewrzeć
- 1876-1929 [15th century], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie[1], volume XV, page 534:
- Sit... confessio... czysta, oth[w]arta (nuda), rostropna y dobrowolna
- [Sit... confessio... czysta, ot[w]arta (nuda), roztropna i dobrowolna]
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “otwarty”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish otwarty. By surface analysis, odewrzeć + -ty.
Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]otwarty (passive adjectival)
Adjective
[edit]otwarty (not generally comparable, comparative otwartszy or bardziej otwarty, superlative najotwartszy or najbardziej otwarty, derived adverb otwarcie)
- open (not limited or closed)
- Antonym: zamknięty
- open (not covered)
- Synonyms: odkryty, odsłonięty
- Antonym: kryty
- (medicine) open (of a wound, resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body)
- Synonym: żywy
- open (available or accessible) [with dla (+ genitive) ‘for whom’]
- Antonym: zamknięty
- open (receptive) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to whom/what’]
- Synonyms: bezpośredni, roztwarty, szczery
- Antonym: zamknięty
- open (candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character)
- Synonyms: bezpośredni, roztwarty, szczery
- open (public, not hidden; with open access, of open science, or both)
- Synonym: nieukrywany
- Antonym: utajony
- open (not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration)
- Synonym: nierozstrzygnięty
- open (actively conducting or prepared to conduct business)
- (phonology) open (of a vowel; uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs)
- Synonym: zamknięty
- open (not physically drawn together, closed, folded or contracted; extended)
Declension
[edit]Declension of otwarty (hard)
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | otwarty | otwarta | otwarte | otwarci | otwarte | |
genitive | otwartego | otwartej | otwartego | otwartych | ||
dative | otwartemu | otwartej | otwartemu | otwartym | ||
accusative | otwartego | otwarty | otwartą | otwarte | otwartych | otwarte |
instrumental | otwartym | otwartą | otwartym | otwartymi | ||
locative | otwartym | otwartej | otwartym | otwartych |
Derived terms
[edit]adverbs
nouns
verbs
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), otwarty is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 12 times in scientific texts, 16 times in news, 10 times in essays, 23 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 72 times, making it the 896th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- otwarty in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- otwarty in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “otwarty”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “otwarty”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “otwarty”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “otwarty”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 910
- otwarty in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms suffixed with -ty
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish non-lemma forms
- Old Polish verb forms
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms suffixed with -ty
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/artɘ
- Rhymes:Polish/artɘ/3 syllables
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish participles
- Polish passive adjectival participles
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adjectives
- pl:Medicine
- pl:Computing
- pl:Phonology
- Polish terms with quotations
- Polish hard adjectives