naufragar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin naufragāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [nəw.fɾəˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [naw.fɾaˈɣaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

naufragar (first-person singular present naufrago, first-person singular preterite naufraguí, past participle naufragat)

1. to be shipwrecked
2. to fail

   Synonyms: fracassar, arruïnar-se

Conjugation

    Conjugation of naufragar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			naufragar
gerund			naufragant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		naufragat		naufragada
		plural		naufragats		naufragades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	naufrago	naufragues	naufraga	naufraguem	naufragueu	naufraguen
	imperfect	naufragava	naufragaves	naufragava	naufragàvem	naufragàveu	naufragaven
	future	naufragaré	naufragaràs	naufragarà	naufragarem	naufragareu	naufragaran
	preterite	naufraguí	naufragares	naufragà	naufragàrem	naufragàreu	naufragaren
	conditional	naufragaria	naufragaries	naufragaria	naufragaríem	naufragaríeu	naufragarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	naufragui	naufraguis	naufragui	naufraguem	naufragueu	naufraguin
	imperfect	naufragués	naufraguessis	naufragués	naufraguéssim	naufraguéssiu	naufraguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	naufraga	naufragui	naufraguem	naufragueu	naufraguin
	negative (no)	—	no naufraguis	no naufragui	no naufraguem	no naufragueu	no naufraguin

Related terms

• nau
• nàufrag
• naufragi

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin naufragāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [naʊ̯.fɾaˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [naʊ̯.fɾaˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾaˈɡa(ɾ)/ [naʊ̯.fɾaˈɡa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [naʊ̯.fɾaˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾaˈɡa(ɻ)/ [naʊ̯.fɾaˈɡa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [naw.fɾɐˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [naw.fɾɐˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /naw.fɾɐˈɡa.ɾi/ [naw.fɾɐˈɣa.ɾi]

Verb

naufragar (first-person singular present naufrago, first-person singular preterite naufraguei, past participle naufragado)

1. (nautical) to founder; to sink
2. (nautical) to be shipwrecked

Conjugation

    Conjugation of naufragar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	naufragar
Personal	naufragar	naufragares	naufragar	naufragarmos	naufragardes	naufragarem
Gerund
	naufragando
Past participle
Masculine	naufragado			naufragados
Feminine	naufragada			naufragadas
Indicative
Present	naufrago	naufragas	naufraga	naufragamos	naufragais	naufragam
Imperfect	naufragava	naufragavas	naufragava	naufragávamos	naufragáveis	naufragavam
Preterite	naufraguei	naufragaste	naufragou	naufragamos1, naufragámos2	naufragastes	naufragaram
Pluperfect	naufragara	naufragaras	naufragara	naufragáramos	naufragáreis	naufragaram
Future	naufragarei	naufragarás	naufragará	naufragaremos	naufragareis	naufragarão
Conditional	naufragaria	naufragarias	naufragaria	naufragaríamos	naufragaríeis	naufragariam
Subjunctive
Present	naufrague	naufragues	naufrague	naufraguemos	naufragueis	naufraguem
Imperfect	naufragasse	naufragasses	naufragasse	naufragássemos	naufragásseis	naufragassem
Future	naufragar	naufragares	naufragar	naufragarmos	naufragardes	naufragarem
Imperative
Affirmative		naufraga	naufrague	naufraguemos	naufragai	naufraguem
Negative (não)		não naufragues	não naufrague	não naufraguemos	não naufragueis	não naufraguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “naufragar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin naufragāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naufɾaˈɡaɾ/ [nau̯.fɾaˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: nau‧fra‧gar

Verb

naufragar (first-person singular present naufrago, first-person singular preterite naufragué, past participle naufragado)

1. to be shipwrecked
   • 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 62:

     Esta armada del Obispo de Placencia, don Gutierre Vargas de Carvajal, fué una expedición de cuatro navíos que naufragó en el Estrecho de Magallanes, en 1540, perdiéndose dos de las naves, una por haberse varado y otra por haber sido arrastrada por las corrientes.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to fail, founder
3. fall, go down (to be defeated)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of naufragar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			naufragar
gerund			naufragando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		naufragado		naufragada
		plural		naufragados		naufragadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	naufrago	naufragastú naufragásvos	naufraga	naufragamos	naufragáis	naufragan
	imperfect	naufragaba	naufragabas	naufragaba	naufragábamos	naufragabais	naufragaban
	preterite	naufragué	naufragaste	naufragó	naufragamos	naufragasteis	naufragaron
	future	naufragaré	naufragarás	naufragará	naufragaremos	naufragaréis	naufragarán
	conditional	naufragaría	naufragarías	naufragaría	naufragaríamos	naufragaríais	naufragarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	naufrague	naufraguestú naufraguésvos2	naufrague	naufraguemos	naufraguéis	naufraguen
	imperfect (ra)	naufragara	naufragaras	naufragara	naufragáramos	naufragarais	naufragaran
	imperfect (se)	naufragase	naufragases	naufragase	naufragásemos	naufragaseis	naufragasen
	future1	naufragare	naufragares	naufragare	naufragáremos	naufragareis	naufragaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		naufragatú naufragávos	naufrague	naufraguemos	naufragad	naufraguen
	negative		no naufragues	no naufrague	no naufraguemos	no naufraguéis	no naufraguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• naufragio
• náufrago
• nave

Further reading

• “naufragar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10