nafrar

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin naufragāre (“to become shipwrecked”). Compare French navrer (“to cause pain; to upset”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [nəˈfɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [naˈfɾaɾ]
• Homophone: nafrà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

nafrar (first-person singular present nafro, first-person singular preterite nafrí, past participle nafrat)

1. (transitive) to injure, wound
   • 2002, Albert Sánchez Piñol, chapter 9, in La pell freda, La Campana, →ISBN:

     Fins aquell moment no m'havia adonat que tenia el coll nafrat pel contacte amb l'acer.

     Until then I had not realized my neck was injured due to contact with the steel.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of nafrar (first conjugation)

infinitive			nafrar
gerund			nafrant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		nafrat		nafrada
		plural		nafrats		nafrades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	nafro	nafres	nafra	nafrem	nafreu	nafren
	imperfect	nafrava	nafraves	nafrava	nafràvem	nafràveu	nafraven
	future	nafraré	nafraràs	nafrarà	nafrarem	nafrareu	nafraran
	preterite	nafrí	nafrares	nafrà	nafràrem	nafràreu	nafraren
	conditional	nafraria	nafraries	nafraria	nafraríem	nafraríeu	nafrarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	nafri	nafris	nafri	nafrem	nafreu	nafrin
	imperfect	nafrés	nafressis	nafrés	nafréssim	nafréssiu	nafressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	nafra	nafri	nafrem	nafreu	nafrin
	negative (no)	—	no nafris	no nafri	no nafrem	no nafreu	no nafrin

Derived terms

• nafra

Further reading

• “nafrar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “nafrar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “narwa”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 431

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naˈfɾaɾ/ [naˈfɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: na‧frar

Verb

nafrar (first-person singular present nafro, first-person singular preterite nafré, past participle nafrado)

1. (Aragon) to injure, wound.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of nafrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			nafrar
gerund			nafrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		nafrado		nafrada
		plural		nafrados		nafradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	nafro	nafrastú nafrásvos	nafra	naframos	nafráis	nafran
	imperfect	nafraba	nafrabas	nafraba	nafrábamos	nafrabais	nafraban
	preterite	nafré	nafraste	nafró	naframos	nafrasteis	nafraron
	future	nafraré	nafrarás	nafrará	nafraremos	nafraréis	nafrarán
	conditional	nafraría	nafrarías	nafraría	nafraríamos	nafraríais	nafrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	nafre	nafrestú nafrésvos2	nafre	nafremos	nafréis	nafren
	imperfect (ra)	nafrara	nafraras	nafrara	nafráramos	nafrarais	nafraran
	imperfect (se)	nafrase	nafrases	nafrase	nafrásemos	nafraseis	nafrasen
	future1	nafrare	nafrares	nafrare	nafráremos	nafrareis	nafraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		nafratú nafrávos	nafre	nafremos	nafrad	nafren
	negative		no nafres	no nafre	no nafremos	no nafréis	no nafren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of nafrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive nafrar
	dative	nafrarme	nafrarte	nafrarle, nafrarse	nafrarnos	nafraros	nafrarles, nafrarse
	accusative	nafrarme	nafrarte	nafrarlo, nafrarla, nafrarse	nafrarnos	nafraros	nafrarlos, nafrarlas, nafrarse
with gerund nafrando
	dative	nafrándome	nafrándote	nafrándole, nafrándose	nafrándonos	nafrándoos	nafrándoles, nafrándose
	accusative	nafrándome	nafrándote	nafrándolo, nafrándola, nafrándose	nafrándonos	nafrándoos	nafrándolos, nafrándolas, nafrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative nafra
	dative	náframe	náfrate	náfrale	náfranos	not used	náfrales
	accusative	náframe	náfrate	náfralo, náfrala	náfranos	not used	náfralos, náfralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative nafrá
	dative	naframe	nafrate	nafrale	nafranos	not used	nafrales
	accusative	naframe	nafrate	nafralo, nafrala	nafranos	not used	nafralos, nafralas
with formal second-person singular imperative nafre
	dative	náfreme	not used	náfrele, náfrese	náfrenos	not used	náfreles
	accusative	náfreme	not used	náfrelo, náfrela, náfrese	náfrenos	not used	náfrelos, náfrelas
with first-person plural imperative nafremos
	dative	not used	nafrémoste	nafrémosle	nafrémonos	nafrémoos	nafrémosles
	accusative	not used	nafrémoste	nafrémoslo, nafrémosla	nafrémonos	nafrémoos	nafrémoslos, nafrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative nafrad
	dative	nafradme	not used	nafradle	nafradnos	nafraos	nafradles
	accusative	nafradme	not used	nafradlo, nafradla	nafradnos	nafraos	nafradlos, nafradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative nafren
	dative	náfrenme	not used	náfrenle	náfrennos	not used	náfrenles, náfrense
	accusative	náfrenme	not used	náfrenlo, náfrenla	náfrennos	not used	náfrenlos, náfrenlas, náfrense

Further reading

• “nafrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16