naazhjééʼ
Navajo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jééʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JÉÉʼ, “to lie — 3+ actors”).
Verb
[edit]naazhjééʼ
- they (animate things) lie around somewhere in groups of three or more
Usage notes
[edit]This verb refers to multiple groups. Also occurs with distributive da- as ndaazhjééʼ, referring to a greater plurality of groups.
For a single group, use the verb shijééʼ.
The stem used for subjects in groups is different from the stem used for subjects acting individually or in pairs. For separate subjects, see naaztį́; for subjects in pairs, see naazhtéézh.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective mode.
Conjugation
[edit]Paradigm: Neuter perfective (si).
| PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | — | nishiijééʼ | ndashiijééʼ |
| 2nd person | — | nishoojééʼ | ndashoojééʼ |
| 3rd person | naazhjééʼ | ndaazhjééʼ | |
| 4th person | nijizhjééʼ | ndajizhjééʼ | |
See also
[edit]| Navajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
| SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
| SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
| FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
| SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
| AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
| NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
| MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
| LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
| PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
| PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
| OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
| Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
| Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhóód | |
| Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid | |
| Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
| Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
| LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
| 2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
| 3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
| SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
| 2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
| 3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
| STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |