-TʼEʼ

See also: -tʼeʼ and Appendix:Variations of "te"

Navajo

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼe (“to be thus”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ntʼae (“it is”), neltʼeʼ (“there are many”), Chipewyan bénɛłtʼɛ (“you're like him”).

Root

-TʼEʼ

  1. to be

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
∅	adjectival	S is thus yitʼé (NEUT) átʼé ákótʼé kótʼé áátʼeeł (PROG)
l	adjectival	S is a certain number yistʼeʼ díkwíltʼeeh yiltʼé (NEUT-ABS) díkwíltʼé tʼááłah diltʼéhé ndiltʼé táltʼé dį́ltʼé ashdlaltʼé hastą́ltʼé tsostsʼiltʼé tseebíltʼé náhástʼéltʼé neeználtʼé néeltʼeʼ (NEUT-COMP) ánéeltʼeʼ ákónéeltʼeʼ kónéeltʼeʼ aheenéeltʼeʼ
ł	adjectival	S is similar, is like aheełtʼé yeełtʼé [Term?]

  2. Various meanings depending on thematic prefix

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
hashtʼe + ∅		S is calm or ready hashtʼehoditʼeeh hashtʼeetʼé hashtʼedítʼé
P + ni + ł		S causes P to lose everything yiniłtʼeeh
shó + ∅		S is acquired shóotʼeeh	S acquires O shóyoołtʼeeh

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼeeh	-tʼeʼ	-tʼeeł	-tʼeeh	-tʼeeh
NEUT	-tʼé	-	-	-	-
ABS	-tʼé	-	-	-	-
COMP	-tʼeʼ	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be:

• -LĮ́Į́ʼ
• -LĮĮD

 

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼEʼ (be)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼə̓qʼ (“animate or stick-like object moves”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna tiiłtʼak (“I threw it away (a stick)”), Koyukon kʼəltʼəx (“to hit something with a stick”).

Also occurs in Navajo along with hi-seriative in a motion theme related to hopping (literally, to “throw” oneself successively).

Root

-TʼEʼ

1. to propel a slender stiff object (SSO) or animate object (AnO)

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ł	motion	S propels SSO/AnO yiłtʼeʼ (∅-MOM) iiłtʼeʼ haiłtʼeʼ neiłtʼeʼ néidiiłtʼeʼ (ńdii-, “pick up”) chʼííłtʼeʼ (ni-MOM)
O + ł	successive	S hits SSO/AnO (against P) yííníiłtʼeʼ (yíníi-, semelf.) yíidiłtʼeʼ (REP) nikíidiłtʼeʼ yíidiiłtʼeʼ (SEM) nikíidiiłtʼeʼ
hi + d	motion	S hops hitʼeʼ (∅-MOM) ahitʼeʼ hiditʼeʼ hidiitʼeʼ hahatʼeʼ yisdáhátʼeʼ heetʼeʼ (ni-MOM) chʼíheetʼeʼ niheetʼeʼ nahatʼeʼ (CONT) hootʼeeł (PROG)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼeʼ	-tʼeʼ	-tʼeeł	-tʼeeh	-tʼeʼ
CONT	-tʼeʼ	-tʼeʼ	-tʼeeł	-tʼeeh	-tʼeʼ
REP	-tʼeeh	-	-	-	-
SEM	-tʼeeh	-tʼeeh	-tʼeeh	-tʼeeh	-tʼeeh

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

AnO verbs:

• -TĮ́ (handle AnO)
• -GOʼ (AnO moves)
• -TŁIZH (AnO moves)
• -TĮ́ (AnO lies — 1S)
• -TÉÉZH (AnO lie — 2S)
• -JÉÉʼ (AnO lie — 3+S)

 

SSO verbs:

• -TĄ́ (handle SSO)
• -KĘ́Ę́Z (SSO moves)
• -ʼÁ (SSO extends)

to hop:

• -CHAʼ
• -TŁÉÉʼ
• -TSAAD

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼEʼ (propel SSO/AnO)