liggja

See also: líggja

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse liggja, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.

Verb

liggja (third person singular past indicative lá, third person plural past indicative lógu, supine ligið)

1. to lie (on a bed etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of liggja (irregular)

infinitive	liggja
supine	ligið
	present	past
first singular	liggi	lá
second singular	liggur	lást
third singular	liggur	lá
plural	liggja	lógu
participle (a26)1	liggjandi	ligin
	imperative
singular	ligg!
plural	liggið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Further reading

• "liggja" at Sprotin.fo

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse liggja, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɪcːa/

  Rhymes: -ɪcːa

Verb

liggja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative lá, third-person plural past indicative lágu, supine legið)

1. to lie (on a bed etc.)
2. to be located, to lie
3. to lead (e.g. of a road)

Conjugation

liggja – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að liggja
supine sagnbót		legið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		liggjandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ligg	lá		liggi	lægi
	þú	liggur	lást		liggir	lægir
	hann, hún, það	liggur	lá		liggi	lægi
plural	við	liggjum	lágum		liggjum	lægjum
	þið	liggið	láguð		liggið	lægjuð
	þeir, þær, þau	liggja	lágu		liggi	lægju
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ligg (þú), liggðu
plural	þið	liggið (þið), liggiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

leginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	leginn	legin	legið	legnir	legnar	legin
accusative (þolfall)	leginn	legna	legið	legna	legnar	legin
dative (þágufall)	legnum	leginni	legnu	legnum	legnum	legnum
genitive (eignarfall)	legins	leginnar	legins	leginna	leginna	leginna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	legni	legna	legna	legnu	legnu	legnu
accusative (þolfall)	legna	legnu	legna	legnu	legnu	legnu
dative (þágufall)	legna	legnu	legna	legnu	legnu	legnu
genitive (eignarfall)	legna	legnu	legna	legnu	legnu	legnu

Derived terms

• allir vegir liggja til Rómar
• liggja fyrir (“to lie in bed”)
• liggja í augum uppi (“to be obvious”)
• liggja í kör
• liggja í því (“to be in trouble”)
• liggja vel á (“to be in high spirits”)
• liggja við (“to be at stake”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• liggje
• ligga, ligge

Etymology

From Old Norse liggja, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Akin to English lie.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²lɪjːɑ/, /²lɪɟ͡ʝːɑ/, /²lɪʝːɑ/

Verb

liggja (present tense ligg, past tense låg, past participle lege, passive infinitive liggjast, present participle liggjande, imperative ligg)

1. to lie (to be in a horizontal position.)

   Kvifor ligg du her?

   Why are you lying here?

2. to lie (location), be located

   Kvar ligg kjøpesenteret?

   Where is the shopping centre located?

Conjugation

Conjugation of liggja (strong class 5)

infinitive	liggja, liggje
present participle	liggjande
past participle	legen
supine	lege
	present	past
indicative singular	ligg, ligger2	låg
indicative plural1	liggja	lågo
subjunctive	liggje	læge
imperative singular	ligg
imperative plural1	liggje

¹ Rare today.
² Unofficial today.

References

• “liggja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Compare Old English liċġan, Old Saxon liggian, Old Frisian lidzia, Old High German liggen, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan).

Verb

liggja

1. to lie (on a bed etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of liggja — active (strong class 5 j-present)

infinitive	liggja
present participle	liggjandi
past participle	leginn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ligg	lá		liggja	læga
2nd person singular	liggr	látt		liggir	lægir
3rd person singular	liggr	lá		liggi	lægi
1st person plural	liggjum	lágum		liggim	lægim
2nd person plural	liggið	láguð		liggið	lægið
3rd person plural	liggja	lágu		liggi	lægi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ligg
1st person plural	liggjum
2nd person plural	liggið

Conjugation of liggja — mediopassive (strong class 5 j-present)

infinitive	liggjask
present participle	liggjandisk
past participle	legizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	liggjumk	lágumk		liggjumk	lægumk
2nd person singular	liggsk	lázk		liggisk	lægisk
3rd person singular	liggsk	lásk		liggisk	lægisk
1st person plural	liggjumsk	lágumsk		liggimsk	lægimsk
2nd person plural	liggizk	láguzk		liggizk	lægizk
3rd person plural	liggjask	lágusk		liggisk	lægisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	liggsk
1st person plural	liggjumsk
2nd person plural	liggizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: liggja
• Faroese: liggja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: liggja
• Elfdalian: ligga
• Old Swedish: liggia
  • Swedish: ligga
• Old Danish: liggæ
  • Danish: ligge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ligge
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: ligga
  • Scanian: ligga
• Old Gutnish: liggia
  • Gutnish: ligge

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “liggja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive