khlpʾd

Middle Persian

Etymology

From [script needed] (TBNA, kh /⁠kah⁠/, “chaff, straw”) + [script needed] (lpʾd- /⁠rubāy-⁠/), present stem of [script needed] (lpwtn' /⁠rubūdan⁠/, “to snatch, to rob”). Ačaṙean typologically compares Old Armenian սռնակալ (sṙnakal, “amber”, literally “chaff-keeper”). For more on the constituent components, see کاه (kâh) and ربودن (robudan).

Noun

khlpʾd • (kah-rubāy)

1. amber

Descendants

• Persian: کهربا (kahrobâ), کهربای (kahrobây), کهرباء (kahrobâ'), کاهربا (kâhrobâ)
  • Tajik: каҳрабо (kahrabo)
    • → Uzbek: qahrabo
  • → Adyghe: кӏэхьрэбэ (kʼɛḥrɛbɛ)
  • → Arabic: كَهْرَبَاء (kahrabāʔ), كَهْرَمَان (kahramān)
  • → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܲܗܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (kahrāḇā)
  • → Azerbaijani: kəhrəba
  • → Bashkir: гәрәбә (gərəbə)
  • → Georgian: ქარვა (karva)
    • → Bats: ქარვ (karv)
  • → Gujarati: કેરબો (kerbo)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: कहरुवा (kahruvā)

    Urdu: کہربا (kahrubā)

  • → Malay: kahrab
    • Indonesian: kahrab
  • → Middle Armenian: քահրիպար (kʻahripar), քարուպայ (kʻarupay), քարուպա (kʻarupa), քարուպար (kʻarupar), քահրիպայ (kʻahripay), քահրապա (kʻahrapa), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քահրուպայ (kʻahrupay), քահրուպար (kʻahrupar)
    • Armenian: քահրիբար (kʻahribar), քահրուբար (kʻahrubar), քեհրիբար (kʻehribar), ք^յա̈րբա̈ր (kʻ^yärbär), քա̈հրըբար (kʻährəbar), քահրիպար (kʻahripar) — Western Armenian
  • → Ottoman Turkish: كهربا (kehrüba), كهربار (kehrübar, kehribar, keherbar), كهلبار (kehlübar, kehlibar) — Vulgar Turkish
    • Turkish: kehribar
    • → Albanian: qelibar
    • → Aromanian: chihlibáre, chehribár
    • → Bulgarian: кехлибар (kehlibar)
    • → Greek: κεχριμπάρι (kechrimpári)
    • → Macedonian: килибар (kilibar)
    • → Romanian: chihlimbar
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: ћилѝба̄р, ћирѝба̄р, ћелѝба̄р

      Latin script: ćilìbār, ćirìbār, ćelìbār

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਕਹਰੁਵਾ (kahruvā)

    Shahmukhi script: کہربا (kahrubā)

  • → Swahili: kaharabu
  • → Tatar: гәрәбә (gäräbä)
  • → Uyghur: قەھرىۋا (qehriwa)
• → Chinese: 琥珀 (OC *qʰˁraʔ pʰˁrak > MC huoX pʰɣæk > Mandarin hǔpò) (taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian languages)
  • → Japanese: 琥珀 (kohaku)
  • → Korean: 호박(琥珀) (hobak)
  • → Vietnamese: hổ phách (琥珀)
• → Classical Syriac: ܩܗܪܒܝ (qahrḇāy), ܩܗܪܐܒܝ (qhrʾby)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սռնակալ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 267–268
• “qhrby”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “kah-rubāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 48
• Seidel, Ernst (1908) Mechithar’s, des Meisterarztes aus Her, ‘Trost bei Fiebern’: nach dem Venediger Druck vom Jahre 1832 zum ersten Male aus dem Mittelarmenischen übersetzt und erläutert (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, pages 146–148