jwj

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːwit/ → /ˈjiːjiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːʔə/ → /ʔiːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːwit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːjiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔiːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: iwi

Verb

 anom.

1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come to a certain place (+ r or n: to (a place, person, thing, etc.); + ḫr: to (someone of higher status); + m: from (a place), into (something), by means of (a vehicle), as (a role); + ḥr: to, upon (something), from, for the sake of; + m-dj: from (someone))
2. (intransitive) to come here, to move from further to nearby
3. (intransitive) to return, to come back

   jwj m ḥtp

   to return safely or fortunately, to come (back) in peace

4. (intransitive, of future events, time, abstractions, etc.) to come to pass or come to be, to come, to arrive
5. (intransitive, with r and following infinitive) to come (to do something)

Usage notes

By Middle Egyptian, this verb and its synonym jj were apparently conflated into one, with some inflections of the verb using one stem and some using the other.

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: j, jj, jw, geminated stem: jw, jww

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jt, jjt, jwt jw jwt mj, jj, jw mj, my, jj, jw ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jj5, jw5 ḥr jt, ḥr jjt, ḥr jwt m jt, m jjt, m jwt r jt, r jjt, r jwt suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect jj.n, jw.n consecutive jw.jn, jj.jn terminative jt, jyt, jjt, jwt perfective3 jw, jj obligative1 jw.ḫr imperfective jw, jj, jy prospective3 jw, jwy potentialis1 jw.kꜣ subjunctive jwt verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect j.n, jj.n — — perfective j jj, jy — imperfective jw, jww, jyw jwy — prospective — jwtj4, jwt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  

jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj
		[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
			in hieratic

Derived terms

• jw.f ꜥꜣ.f
• jw.f pw
• jw.s pw
• jw zp
• nj zp jwt ḫt nb jm
• rḏj jwt

Descendants

See the descendants given at jj, with which this word was conflated by Middle Egyptian times.

See also

• 𓂻

Etymology 2

Compare jw (“to sever, to cut off”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: iwi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to leave boatless, to maroon, to strand
2. (transitive, with r) to bar from, to exclude from (a boat) [22nd Dynasty]
3. (intransitive) to be(come) boatless, stranded

Inflection

Conjugation of jwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jw

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jwt, jwj jww, jw jwt, jwwt, jwyt jw jw, jwy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jw8 ḥr jwt, ḥr jwj m jwt, m jwj r jwt, r jwj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect jw.n jww, jw, jwy consecutive jw.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative jwt, jwyt perfective3 jw active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 jw.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective jw, jwy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 jww, jw, jwy jww, jw, jwy potentialis1 jw.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive jw, jwy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect jw.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective jww1, jwy, jw active + .tj1, .tw2 jw jwy, jw imperfective jw, jwy, jww5 active + .tj1, .tw2 jw, jwj6, jwy6 jw, jww5 prospective jww1, jwy, jw, jwtj7 — jwwtj1 4, jwtj4, jwt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwj  

jwj	jwy	jwy	jwj	jwj	jwj	jwj
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[22nd Dynasty]

References

• “jwi̯ (lemma ID 21930)” and “jwi̯ (lemma ID 856211)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 44.1–45.6, 47.14–47.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 11–12
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 276, 455.