jaga

See also: jagā and Jaga

Languages (15)

Baba Malay • Balinese • Faroese • Indonesian • Javanese • Malay • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Javanese • Romani • Spanish • Swedish • Tausug • Ternate

Page categories

English

Etymology

From Malay jaga (“to awake; to watch over”).

Pronunciation

(Singapore) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaɡa/, [ˈd͡ʒa˧.ɡa(˦)]

Verb

jaga (invariable)

(Manglish, Singlish) To keep watch, to watch over.
- 2021 June 24, Jessica Heng, quoting Mr Kadir, “A Journey Through The Only HDB Estate In Siglap, The Lesser-known Dakota Crescent”, in ricemedia.co‎^[1], archived from the original on 9 September 2024:
  “Next to my shop, there was this auntie selling joss sticks and traditional Chinese items,” Mr Kadir said. “She would always help to jaga my shop when I need to go out, and when customers come she will help me to tell them to wait. After the work day finishes, she’ll always tell me to go home safely, I always remember that.”
- 2023, Kristian-Marc James Paul, Myle Yan Tay, Mysara Aljaru, Brown is Redacted: Reflecting on Race in Singapore, Ethos Books, →ISBN:
  We sat around at the NLB after midnight and helped to jaga these migrant workers who were painting.

Noun

jaga

(Malaysia, Singapore) A guard or watchman.
- 1965 February 25, “'Workers' fool jaga in $4,000 theft”, in The Straits Times, Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings Limited, page 8:
  The driver, holding a bunch of keys, approached the jaga, and told him that the kepala of the company, the Hock Lam Company, — in North Bridge Road, had sent him to collect some goods.
- 2010, Peter Thompson, The Battle for Singapore: The True Story of the Greatest Catastrophe of World War II, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN:
  At the boarding house, the jaga — nightwatchman — hurriedly turned on all the lights so that everyone could see what was happening.
- 2020, Irene Lim, 90 Years in Singapore, Pagesetters Services Pte Ltd, →ISBN:
  The Oldham Lane home was a big flat with an office below us and Oldham Hall up the hill. An Indian jaga slept outside the office on his charpoy (rope bed) and he cooked in the open.

Baba Malay

Etymology

From Malay jaga.

Verb

jaga

to be on guard; to be vigilant
to be awake

Adjective

jaga

on guard; vigilant
awake

Balinese

Romanization

jaga

Romanization of ᬚᬕ

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jāgen, from Old Saxon *jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjeːa/

Verb

jaga (third person singular past indicative jagaði, third person plural past indicative jagað, supine jagað)

to hunt

Conjugation

Conjugation of *jaga* (group v-30)
	present	past
infinitive	jaga
supine	jagað

first singular	jagi	jagaði
second singular	jagar	jagaði
third singular	jagar	jagaði
plural	jaga	jagaðu

participle (a6)¹	jagandi	jagaður

	imperative
singular	jaga!
plural	jagið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Indonesian

Alternative forms

djaga (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

Etymology

From Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaɡa/ [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]
Rhymes: -aɡa
Syllabification: ja‧ga

Verb

jaga (intransitive active berjaga, transitive active menjaga, transitive passive dijaga)

(transitive) to watch over, to keep, to guard
(intransitive, rare) to awake

Derived terms

Javanese

Romanization

jaga

Romanization of ꦗꦒ

Malay

Etymology

From Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaɡa/ [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]
Hyphenation: ja‧ga

Verb

jaga (Jawi spelling جاݢ)

to awake
to watch over

Derived terms

Descendants

Baba Malay: jaga
Indonesian: jaga
→ Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)
→ Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)
→ Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)
→ Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)
→ Tausug: jaga
→ Ternate: jaga

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

jaget
jagde (simple past)
jog (simple past)
jagd (past participle)

Verb

jaga

inflection of jage:
1. simple past
2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

jage

Etymology

From Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jagen.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²jɑːɡɑ/

Verb

jaga (present tense jagar, past tense jaga, past participle jaga, passive infinitive jagast, present participle jagande, imperative jaga/jag)

to hunt, chase

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). Doublet of jāgra.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ɡa/
Rhymes: -ɡa
Hyphenation: ja‧ga

Adjective

jaga

watchful, vigilant, cautious

Noun

jaga

what or who is coming, expected

Derived terms

Descendants

Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬕ (jaga)

Romani

Noun

jaga

nominative/accusative plural of jag

Spanish

Verb

jaga

inflection of jacer:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Swedish

Etymology

From Late Old Swedish iagha, from Early Old Swedish iægha, from Old Norse jaga, from Middle Low German jāgen, from Old Saxon *jagōn, from Proto-West Germanic *jagōn.

Pronunciation

(verb) IPA^(key): /²jɑːɡa/
(noun) IPA^(key): /¹jɑːɡa/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -²ɑːɡa

Verb

jaga (present jagar, preterite jagade, supine jagat, imperative jaga)

to chase (pursue)
Han jagade honom genom skogen ― He chased him through the forest
to hunt (prey)
De jagade ren ― They were hunting reindeer

Conjugation

Conjugation of *jaga* (weak)
	active		passive
infinitive	jaga		jagas
supine	jagat		jagats
imperative	jaga		—
imper. plural¹	jagen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	jagar	jagade	jagas	jagades
ind. plural¹	jaga	jagade	jagas	jagades
subjunctive²	jage	jagade	jages	jagades

present participle		jagande
past participle		jagad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Noun

jaga c

(Norrland) tag (game)
Synonyms: jagis, datten, kull, tafatt

Declension

Declension of *jaga*
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	jaga	jagas
singular	definite	jagan	jagans
plural	indefinite	jagor	jagors
plural	definite	jagorna	jagornas

Tausug

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ).

Pronunciation

(Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaɡa/ [d͡ʒaˈɣɑ]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: ja‧ga

Noun

jaga

guard, watchman; mourner

Verb

jaga

to watch, to be on watch, to beware, to be on guard

Derived terms

majaga

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]

Noun

jaga

a tree branch

Etymology 2

From Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). The adverbial sense is likely derived from an association of vigilance with guarding.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒa.ɡa]

Verb

jaga

(transitive) to guard, to keep guard

Conjugation

Conjugation of *jaga*
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tojaga	fojaga	mijaga
2nd person		nojaga	nijaga
3rd person	masculine	ojaga	ijaga yojaga (archaic)
	feminine	mojaga
	neuter	ijaga

Adverb

jaga

often
ngori rioru jaga cumu ― my stomach often hurts

References

Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Noun

Baba Malay

Etymology

Verb

Adjective

Further reading

Balinese

Romanization

Faroese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Further reading

Javanese

Romanization

Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Verb

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Further reading

Old Javanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Romani

Noun

Spanish

Verb

Swedish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

See also

Further reading

Tausug

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Verb

Derived terms

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Adverb

References