जागर्ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জাগৰ্তি (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬵᬕᬃᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• জাগর্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰯𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဇာဂရ်္တိ (Burmese script)
• જાગર્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਾਗਰ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌾𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦴꦒꦂꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂰𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಾಗರ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• ជាគត៌ិ (Khmer script)
• ຊາຄຣ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• ജാഗര്തി (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡤᠠᡵᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘰𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢗᠺᠠᠷᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐵𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଜାଗର୍ତି (Odia script)
• ꢙꢵꢔꢬ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆳𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖯𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ජාගර්‍ති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩛𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚭𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஜாக³ர்தி (Tamil script)
• జాగర్తి (Telugu script)
• ชาครฺติ (Thai script)
• ཛཱ་ག་རྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒰𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨊𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

The present verb developed from the perfect जागार (jāgā́ra), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ge-h₁gór-e, from *h₁ger- (“to be awake, to awaken”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fra-γrārayeⁱti), Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to awaken”), Middle Persian wygrʼd (wiγrād) (whence Modern Persian بیدار (bidâr, “awake”)).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.ɡɐ́ɾ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑːˈɡɐɾ.t̪i/

Verb

जागर्ति • (jāgárti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, present, root जागृ)

1. present of जागृ (jāgṛ)

   Synonym: बोधति (bodhati)

Conjugation

Present: जागर्ति (jāgárti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जागर्ति jāgárti	जागृतः jāgṛtáḥ	जाग्रति jā́grati	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागर्षि jāgárṣi	जागृथः jāgṛtháḥ	जागृथ jāgṛthá	- -	- -	- -
First	जागर्मि / जागृमि² jāgármi / jāgṛmi²	जागृवः jāgṛváḥ	जागृमः / जागृमसि¹ jāgṛmáḥ / jāgṛmási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	जागर्तु jāgártu	जागृताम् jāgṛtā́m	जाग्रतु jā́gratu	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागृहि jāgṛhí	जागृतम् jāgṛtám	जागृत jāgṛtá	- -	- -	- -
First	जागराणि jāgárāṇi	जागराव jāgárāva	जागराम jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	जागृयात् jāgṛyā́t	जागृयाताम् jāgṛyā́tām	जागृयुः jāgṛyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागृयाः jāgṛyā́ḥ	जागृयातम् jāgṛyā́tam	जागृयात jāgṛyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	जागृयाम् jāgṛyā́m	जागृयाव jāgṛyā́va	जागृयाम jāgṛyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	जागरत् / जागरति jāgárat / jāgárati	जागरतः jāgárataḥ	जागरन् jāgáran	- -	- -	- -
Second	जागरः / जागरसि jāgáraḥ / jāgárasi	जागरथः jāgárathaḥ	जागरथ jāgáratha	- -	- -	- -
First	जागराणि / जागरा jāgárāṇi / jāgárā	जागराव jāgárāva	जागराम jāgárāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	जाग्रत् jā́grat			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Epic Sanskrit

Imperfect: अजागः (ájāgaḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजागः ájāgaḥ	अजागृताम् ájāgṛtām	अजाग्रुः ájāgruḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	अजागः ájāgaḥ	अजागृतम् ájāgṛtam	अजागृत ájāgṛta	- -	- -	- -
First	अजागरम् ájāgaram	अजागृव ájāgṛva	अजागृम ájāgṛma	- -	- -	- -

Related terms

• जाग्रति (jāgrati)
• जागरति (jāgarati)
• जागरण (jāgaraṇa)
• जागृति (jāgṛti)

Descendants

In descendants, the stem was thematicized based on forms in jāgr- (e.g. third-person plural jāgrati), whence Pali/Prakrit jagga-.

• Pali: jaggati
  • → Javanese: ꦗꦒ (jaga)
  • → Malay: jaga
    • Baba Malay: jaga
    • Indonesian: jaga
    • → Tagalog: alaga (“to take care”)
    • → Malagasy: zaha (“to investigate”)
    • → Min Nan: 若呀 (jia̍k-gâ)
    • → Pattani Malay: جاݢاوْ / ยฺากฺอ (jagɔ)
    • → Tausug: jaga
    • → Ternate: jaga
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀇 (jaggaï) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जागर्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 417, column 1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāgarti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “JAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 574-575
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 245-246