haver de
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Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]haver de (first-person singular present he de, first-person singular preterite haguí de, past participle hagut de)
- must, to have to (requirement, obligation; auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive)
- He de fer alguna cosa ― I have to do something.
- Com que no hi havia taxis vaig haver de caminar.
- Since there were no taxis, I had to walk.
- must (probable, certain; followed by an infinitive)
- Les claus han de ser al calaix ― The keys must be in the drawer.
Conjugation
[edit]As haver, but with alternative 1st person singular form haig.
infinitive | haver de | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | havent de | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | hagut de | haguda de | |||||
plural | haguts de | hagudes de | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | he de | has de | ha de | hem de | heu de | han de | |
imperfect | havia de | havies de | havia de | havíem de | havíeu de | havien de | |
future | hauré de | hauràs de | haurà de | haurem de | haureu de | hauran de | |
preterite | haguí de | hagueres de | hagué de | haguérem de | haguéreu de | hagueren de | |
conditional | hauria de, haguera de | hauries de, hagueres de | hauria de, haguera de | hauríem de, haguérem de | hauríeu de, haguéreu de | haurien de, hagueren de | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | hagi de | hagis de | hagi de | hàgim de | hàgiu de | hagin de | |
imperfect | hagués de | haguessis de | hagués de | haguéssim de | haguéssiu de | haguessin de | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
negative (no) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Synonyms
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Verb
[edit]haver de (first-person singular present hei de, first-person singular preterite houve de, past participle havido de)
- (auxiliary, slightly poetic) ought to; shall
- forms a future tense [with infinitive]
- Synonym: ir
- 1880, Maria Amalia Vaz de Carvalho, “A morte de Bertha [Bertha’s death]”, in Contos e phantasias [Short stories and fantasies][1], 2nd edition, Lisbon: Parceria Antonio Maria Pereira, published 1905, page 236:
- Como é bom ir para o céo! Nunca mais hei-de ter frio!
- It feels so good to go to heaven! I will never feel cold again!
- 1977, Guilherme Arantes, “Amanhã”, in Ronda Noturna, Som Livre:
- Amanhã, a luminosidade / Alheia a qualquer vontade / Há de imperar
- Tomorrow, luminosity / A stranger to anyone’s wills / Shall reign
- 1978, Chico Buarque, “Apesar de Você”, in Chico Buarque, PolyGram:
- Apesar de você / Amanhã há de ser outro dia
- In spite of you / Tomorrow ought to be a new day
- 1984, Caetano Veloso, “Língua”, in Velô, Philips Records:
- E sei que a poesia está para prosa / Assim como o amor está para a amizade / E quem há de negar que esta lhe é superior?
- And I know poetry is to prose / As love is to friendship / And who ought to deny the latter is superior?
- 1997, Gilberto Gil, “Estrela”, in Quanta, Warner Music:
- Há de surgir / Uma estrela no céu / Cada vez que ocê sorrir
Há de apagar / Uma estrela no céu / Cada vez que ocê chorar- A star in the sky / Shall appear / Every time you smile
A star in the sky / Shall burn out / Every time you cry
- A star in the sky / Shall appear / Every time you smile
- indicates duty [with infinitive]
- 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Sinha Victoria [Mrs. Victoria]”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, page 62:
- Deus não havia de permittir outra desgraça.
- God must not permit another tragedy.
- forms a future tense [with infinitive]
Usage notes
[edit]- In European Portuguese, between 1945 and 1990, monosyllabic forms of this verb were hyphenated: hei-de, hás-de, há-de, hão-de; if a proclitic pronoun followed, it would also be joined with a hyphen. This was done to indicate how de and any clitic pronouns are not stressed in speech.[1]
- Hei-de-lhe dizer. ― I must tell you.
- Hás-de-me ajudar. ― You must help me.
- Prior to the first spelling reforms of Portuguese, hyphenated and spaced spellings coexisted. Brazil’s 1943 reform made the spaced spelling official.
Conjugation
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ «Hei de lhe dizer», sem hífenes, in Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese)