glucose

See also: Glucose and glucosé

English

Ball-and-stick model of a glucose molecule (in one of its cyclic, pyranose forms).

Natta projection of a glucose molecule in one of its open-chain forms. Its open-chain forms are fleeting compared to its cyclic (pyranose and furanose) forms.

Etymology

Through French, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “wine, must”); note: -ose comes from glucose, not the other way round. In other words, the view of the word glucose as gluco- + -ose is a reanalysis rather than a historical etymology. This is unusual for being a reanalysis that works completely, that is, without any leftover nonsense syllables (such as the ham- in reanalyzed hamburger).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɡluːkəʊz/, /ˈɡluːkəʊs/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈɡlukoʊs/, /ˈɡlukoʊz/

  • Audio (Canada):

    (file)

Noun

glucose (countable and uncountable, plural glucoses)

1. (biochemistry) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

Synonyms

• grape sugar
• blood sugar
• corn sugar

Hypernyms

• aldohexose
• hexose
• monosaccharide

Hyponyms

• dextrose
• D-glucose
• L-glucose
• dextroglucose
• glucopyranose
• glucofuranose

Derived terms

• carboxymethyl glucose
• confectioner's glucose
• fasting glucose
• glucose 6-phosphate
• glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
• glucose-fructose
• glucose-fructose syrup
• glucose syrup
• glucoside
• glucosiduronate
• glutose
• isoglucose
• oral glucose
• random glucose

 

Related terms

Related terms

• licorice

Translations

simple monosaccharide sugar

• Arabic: غْلُوكُوز (ar) m (ḡlūkūz)
• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Bengali: গ্লুকোজ (bn) (glukōj)
• Catalan: glucosa (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 葡萄糖 (pou⁴ tou⁴ tong⁴)

  Hokkien: 葡萄糖 (phû-tô-thn̂g, phô-tô-thn̂g, phôe-tô-thn̂g, pû-tô-thn̂g)

  Mandarin: 葡萄糖 (zh) (pútáotáng, literally “grape sugar/grape carbohydrate”)

• Czech: glukóza (cs) f
• Danish: glukose (da), druesukker
• Dutch: glucose (nl) m or f, druivensuiker (nl) m
• Esperanto: glukozo (eo)
• Faroese: drúvusukur n
• Finnish: glukoosi (fi), rypälesokeri (fi)
• French: glucose (fr) m
• Georgian: გლუკოზა (gluḳoza)
• German: Glukose (de) f, Traubenzucker (de) m
• Greek: γλυκόζη (el) f (glykózi)
• Hawaiian: monakō
• Hebrew: גלוקוז (he) m (glukóz)
• Hindi: ग्लूकोज़ (glūkoz), द्राक्षधु (drākṣadhu)
• Hungarian: glükóz (hu), szőlőcukor (hu)
• Icelandic: glúkósi (is) m
• Ido: glikoso (io)
• Irish: glúcós m
• Italian: glucosio (it) m
• Japanese: ブドウ糖 (ja) (ぶどうとう, budōtō), 葡萄糖 (ja) (ぶどうとう, budōtō), グルコース (ja) (gurukōsu)
• Khmer: គ្លុយកូស (kluykouh), មធុរជាតិ (mĕəʼthurĕəʼciət) (rare)
• Korean: 포도당(葡萄糖) (ko) (pododang), 글루코스 (geullukoseu)
• Latvian: glikoze (lv) f
• Lithuanian: gliukozė f
• Maltese: glukows m
• Maori: hukatoto
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: глюкоз (mn) (gljukoz), усан үзмийн чихэр (usan üzmiin čixer), үзмийн чихэр (üzmiin čixer) (China)

• Navajo: chʼiyáán náálkąąd bee jiinánígíí
• Norwegian: glukose, druesukker
• Persian: گلوکوز (glukôz), قند انگور (qand-e angur)
• Polish: glukoza (pl) f
• Portuguese: glicose (pt)
• Romanian: glucoză (ro) f
• Russian: глюко́за (ru) f (gljukóza)
• Slovak: glukóza (sk)
• Slovene: glukoza, grozdni sladkor m
• Spanish: glucosa (es) f
• Swahili: glukosi
• Swedish: glukos (sv), dextros, druvsocker (sv), blodsocker (sv)
• Tagalog: glukosa
• Thai: กลูโคส (th) (gluu-kóot)
• Turkish: glikoz (tr), üzüm şekeri (tr)
• Ukrainian: глюко́за f (hljukóza)
• Vietnamese: glucozơ, glu-cô (vi)
• Welsh: glwcos m, siwgwr grawn m

See also

• glycose
• levoglucose

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

glucose m (uncountable)

1. glucose

Synonyms

• druivensuiker

French

Etymology

Coined by French chemist Eugène-Melchior Péligot, from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡly.koz/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

Noun

glucose m (plural glucoses)

1. glucose

Derived terms

• glucosé
• glucoser
• glucoserie
• glucoside
• reglucoser

Verb

glucose

1. inflection of glucoser:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “glucose”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.