gild

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪld/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪld
• Homophones: gilled, guild

Etymology 1

From Middle English gilden, gulden, from Old English gyldan (“to gild, to cover with a thin layer of gold”), from Proto-West Germanic *gulþijan, from Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”).

Verb

gild (third-person singular simple present gilds, present participle gilding, simple past and past participle gilded or gilt)

1. (transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.

   Hypernym: gold

   • 1888 May, Oscar Wilde, “The Happy Prince”, in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 1:

     High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.

2. (transitive) To adorn.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:

     I will make fast the doors, and gild myself
     With some more ducats, and be with you straight.

3. (transitive, cooking) To decorate with a golden surface appearance.

   Hypernym: gold

   • 2008, Ivan P. Day, Cooking in Europe, 1650-1850, page 98:

     Gild the entire outside with beaten egg yolk, and sprinkle it with grated parmesan.

4. (transitive) To give a bright or pleasing aspect to.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 28”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     When sparkling stars twire not, thou gild'st the even.

5. (transitive) To make appear drunk.

Derived terms

• begild
• Gilded Age
• gilded cage
• gild the lily
• gild the pill

 

Translations

to cover with a thin layer of gold

• Arabic: ذَهَّبَ (ar) (ḏahhaba)
• Breton: aourajiñ
• Bulgarian: позлатявам (bg) (pozlatjavam)
• Catalan: daurar (ca)
• Cornish: owra
• Czech: zlatit impf, pozlatit pf
• Danish: forgylde
• Dutch: vergulden (nl)
• Esperanto: orumi (eo)
• Finnish: kullata (fi)
• French: dorer (fr)
• Galician: dourar (gl)
• Georgian: მოოქროვება (mookroveba), მოვარაყება (movaraq̇eba)
• German: vergolden (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: χρυσόω (khrusóō)

• Hungarian: bearanyoz (hu)
• Ido: orizar (io)
• Interlingua: aurar
• Irish: óraigh
• Italian: indorare, dorare (it)
• Khmer: បិទមាស (km) (bətmiəh), ស្រោបមាស (sraopmiəh)
• Latin: aurō (la), deaurō, inaurō
• Macedonian: позлати (pozlati)
• Manx: airhey
• Occitan: daurar
• Ottoman Turkish: یالدزلامق (yaldızlamak), آلتونلمق (altınlamak)
• Polish: pozłacać (pl)
• Portuguese: dourar (pt)
• Quechua: qurichiy
• Romanian: auri (ro)
• Russian: золоти́ть (ru) impf (zolotítʹ), позолоти́ть (ru) pf (pozolotítʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: òr, òraich
• Serbo-Croatian: zlatiti (sh) impf, pozlatiti (sh) pf
• Spanish: dorar (es)
• Swedish: förgylla (sv)
• Thai: ปิดทอง (pìd-tɔɔng)
• Turkish: yaldızlamak (tr)
• Ukrainian: золоти́ти impf (zolotýty), позоло́чувати impf (pozolóčuvaty), позолоти́ти pf (pozolotýty), позлоти́ти pf (pozlotýty)
• Vietnamese: trá (vi)
• Welsh: euro (cy)

to adorn

• Bulgarian: украсявам (bg) (ukrasjavam)
• Dutch: verfraaien (nl), opsmukken (nl)
• Georgian: მორთვა (mortva), შემკობა (šemḳoba), გალამაზება (galamazeba)
• German: schmücken (de)
• Italian: adornare (it), abbellire (it)
• Russian: украша́ть (ru) impf (ukrašátʹ), укра́сить (ru) pf (ukrásitʹ)
• Turkish: süslemek (tr)
• Welsh: addurno (cy)

to give a bright or pleasing aspect to

• Italian: indorare
• Spanish: dorar (es)

to make appear drunk

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} aros (sq), ^{(please verify)} praroj (sq)

Etymology 2

Noun

gild (plural gilds)

1. Obsolete spelling of guild.
   • 1920, H. E. Salter, Munimenta Civitatis Oxonie, volume 71, page xxviii:

     No trade gild might be started without the consent of the whole body of hanasters, who would insist that the regulations were not harmful to the burgesses as a whole; […]

See also

• gild on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• DILG, glid

Gothic

Romanization

gild

1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳

Irish

Etymology

From English guild.

Noun

gild m (genitive singular gild, nominative plural gildeanna)

1. (historical) guild

   Synonym: cuallacht

Declension

Declension of gild (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative gild gildeanna vocative a ghild a ghildeanna genitive gild gildeanna dative gild gildeanna forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an gild na gildeanna genitive an ghild na ngildeanna dative leis an ngild don ghild leis na gildeanna

Mutation

Mutated forms of gild

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gild	ghild	ngild

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gild”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “guild”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2024
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “gild”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Middle Scots

Alternative forms

• gyld

Etymology

Of unknown origin. Possibly from Old Norse galdr (“charm, spell”), from Proto-Germanic *galdraz (“song, singing”). Compare with Ulster Irish goldar (“roar, loud noise”).

Noun

gild

1. noise; clamour [from c. 1500]

Further reading

• “Gild, Gyld, n.²”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gildr, from Proto-Germanic *gildiz. Cognates include Icelandic gildur and Scots yauld.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɪlː/

Adjective

gild (neuter gildt, definite singular and plural gilde, comparative gildare, indefinite superlative gildast, definite superlative gildaste)

1. (also law) valid

   Antonym: ugild

2. nice, healthy, rich, capable
3. kind, good
4. enjoyable
5. happy
6. proud

Derived terms

• gilda (verb)

• allgild
• fullgild
• gildskap
• lovgild
• ovgild
• rettsgild
• ugild

 

Related terms

• gilde n
• gjelda

References

• “gild” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jild/, [jiɫd]

Noun

ġild n

1. Alternative form of ġield

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ġild	ġild
accusative	ġild	ġild
genitive	ġildes	ġilda
dative	ġilde	ġildum

Old Norse

Adjective

gild

1. strong feminine nominative singular of gildr
2. strong neuter nominative plural of gildr
3. strong neuter accusative plural of gildr