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frjósa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: frjosa

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse frjósa, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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frjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative fraus, third-person plural past indicative frusu, supine frosið)

  1. (intransitive) to freeze

Conjugation

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frjósa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að frjósa
supine
(sagnbót) 		frosið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		frjósandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég frýs við frjósum present
(nútíð) 		ég frjósi við frjósum
þú frýst þið frjósið þú frjósir þið frjósið
hann, hún, það frýs þeir, þær, þau frjósa hann, hún, það frjósi þeir, þær, þau frjósi
past
(þátíð) 		ég fraus við frusum past
(þátíð) 		ég frysi við frysum
þú fraust þið frusuð þú frysir þið frysuð
hann, hún, það fraus þeir, þær, þau frusu hann, hún, það frysi þeir, þær, þau frysu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		frjós (þú) frjósið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
frjóstu frjósiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
frosinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		frosinn frosin frosið frosnir frosnar frosin
accusative
(þolfall) 		frosinn frosna frosið frosna frosnar frosin
dative
(þágufall) 		frosnum frosinni frosnu frosnum frosnum frosnum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		frosins frosinnar frosins frosinna frosinna frosinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		frosni frosna frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
accusative
(þolfall) 		frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
dative
(þágufall) 		frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		frosna frosnu frosna frosnu frosnu frosnu

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *freusaną, whence also Old English frēosan, Old Saxon and Old High German friosan. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Verb

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frjósa (singular past indicative fraus, plural past indicative fruru, past participle frosinn)

  1. to freeze
    Synonym: kala

Conjugation

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Alternatively, in the Old Icelandic dialect, this verb can receive a weak inflection pattern in its past tenses. See also kjósa for this.

Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2)
infinitive frjósa
present participle frjósandi
past participle frosinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular frýs fraus frjósa frysa
2nd person singular frýss fraust frjósir frysir
3rd person singular frýss fraus frjósi frysi
1st person plural frjósum frusum frjósim frysim
2nd person plural frjósið frusuð frjósið frysið
3rd person plural frjósa frusu frjósi frysi
imperative present
2nd person singular frjós
1st person plural frjósum
2nd person plural frjósið
Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive frjósask
present participle frjósandisk
past participle frosizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular frjósumk frusumk frjósumk frysumk
2nd person singular frjósk frausk frjósisk frysisk
3rd person singular frjósk frausk frjósisk frysisk
1st person plural frjósumsk frusumsk frjósimsk frysimsk
2nd person plural frjósizk frusuzk frjósizk frysizk
3rd person plural frjósask frususk frjósisk frysisk
imperative present
2nd person singular frjósk
1st person plural frjósumsk
2nd person plural frjósizk
Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)
infinitive frjósa
present participle frjósandi
past participle frerinn, frørinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular frýs frera, frøra frjósa frera, frøra
2nd person singular frýss frerir, frørir frjósir frerir, frørir
3rd person singular frýss freri, frøri frjósi freri, frøri
1st person plural frjósum frerum, frørum frjósim frerim, frørim
2nd person plural frjósið freruð, frøruð frjósið frerið, frørið
3rd person plural frjósa freru, frøru frjósi freri, frøri
imperative present
2nd person singular frjós
1st person plural frjósum
2nd person plural frjósið
Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)
infinitive frjósask
present participle frjósandisk
past participle frerinn, frørizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular frjósumk frerumk, frørumk frjósumk frerumk, frørumk
2nd person singular frýsk frerisk, frørisk frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
3rd person singular frýsk frerisk, frørisk frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
1st person plural frjósumsk frerumsk, frørumsk frjósimsk frerimsk, frørimsk
2nd person plural frjósizk freruzk, frøruzk frjósizk frerizk, frørizk
3rd person plural frjósask frerusk, frørusk frjósisk frerisk, frørisk
imperative present
2nd person singular frjósk
1st person plural frjósumsk
2nd person plural frjósizk
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Descendants

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  • Icelandic: frjósa
  • ⇒ Faroese: frosin (adj) (via past participle)
  • Jamtish: frýse
  • Elfdalian: friuosa
  • Old Swedish: frȳsa
  • Old Danish: frȳsæ
  • Gutnish: frausa, frause

Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “frjósa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
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