fortificar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fortificāre, from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [fur.ti.fiˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [for.ti.fiˈka]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [foɾ.ti.fiˈkaɾ]

Verb

fortificar (first-person singular present fortifico, first-person singular preterite fortifiquí, past participle fortificat)

1. to fortify

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fortificar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)

infinitive			fortificar
gerund			fortificant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fortificat		fortificada
		plural		fortificats		fortificades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fortifico	fortifiques	fortifica	fortifiquem	fortifiqueu	fortifiquen
	imperfect	fortificava	fortificaves	fortificava	fortificàvem	fortificàveu	fortificaven
	future	fortificaré	fortificaràs	fortificarà	fortificarem	fortificareu	fortificaran
	preterite	fortifiquí	fortificares	fortificà	fortificàrem	fortificàreu	fortificaren
	conditional	fortificaria	fortificaries	fortificaria	fortificaríem	fortificaríeu	fortificarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fortifiqui	fortifiquis	fortifiqui	fortifiquem	fortifiqueu	fortifiquin
	imperfect	fortifiqués	fortifiquessis	fortifiqués	fortifiquéssim	fortifiquéssiu	fortifiquessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	fortifica	fortifiqui	fortifiquem	fortifiqueu	fortifiquin
	negative (no)	—	no fortifiquis	no fortifiqui	no fortifiquem	no fortifiqueu	no fortifiquin

Related terms

• fort
• fortificació

 

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin fortificāre, from Latin fortis. By surface analysis, forte +‎ -ificar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [foh.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [foh.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /foɾ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /foʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ʁ)/ [foχ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /foɻ.t͡ʃi.fiˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuɾ.ti.fiˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuɾ.ti.fiˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuɾ.ti.fiˈka.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: for‧ti‧fi‧car

Verb

fortificar (first-person singular present fortifico, first-person singular preterite fortifiquei, past participle fortificado)

1. (transitive) to fortify; to strengthen (to make stronger)
2. (transitive) to fortify (to build fortifications in or around a place)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fortificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	fortificar
Personal	fortificar	fortificares	fortificar	fortificarmos	fortificardes	fortificarem
Gerund
	fortificando
Past participle
Masculine	fortificado			fortificados
Feminine	fortificada			fortificadas
Indicative
Present	fortifico	fortificas	fortifica	fortificamos	fortificais	fortificam
Imperfect	fortificava	fortificavas	fortificava	fortificávamos	fortificáveis	fortificavam
Preterite	fortifiquei	fortificaste	fortificou	fortificamos1, fortificámos2	fortificastes	fortificaram
Pluperfect	fortificara	fortificaras	fortificara	fortificáramos	fortificáreis	fortificaram
Future	fortificarei	fortificarás	fortificará	fortificaremos	fortificareis	fortificarão
Conditional	fortificaria	fortificarias	fortificaria	fortificaríamos	fortificaríeis	fortificariam
Subjunctive
Present	fortifique	fortifiques	fortifique	fortifiquemos	fortifiqueis	fortifiquem
Imperfect	fortificasse	fortificasses	fortificasse	fortificássemos	fortificásseis	fortificassem
Future	fortificar	fortificares	fortificar	fortificarmos	fortificardes	fortificarem
Imperative
Affirmative		fortifica	fortifique	fortifiquemos	fortificai	fortifiquem
Negative (não)		não fortifiques	não fortifique	não fortifiquemos	não fortifiqueis	não fortifiquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

• fortalecer

Related terms

• forte
• fortificação

 

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fortificāre, from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /foɾtifiˈkaɾ/ [foɾ.t̪i.fiˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: for‧ti‧fi‧car

Verb

fortificar (first-person singular present fortifico, first-person singular preterite fortifiqué, past participle fortificado)

1. to fortify
   • 1605, Miguel de Cervantes, “Capítulo I”, in El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, Primera parte:

     Los altos cielos que de vuestra divinidad divinamente con las estrellas os fortifican y os hacen merecedora del merecimiento que merece la vuestra grandeza...

     The high heavens, that of your divinity divinely fortify you with the stars, render you deserving of the desert your greatness deserves...

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fortificar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			fortificar
gerund			fortificando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fortificado		fortificada
		plural		fortificados		fortificadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fortifico	fortificastú fortificásvos	fortifica	fortificamos	fortificáis	fortifican
	imperfect	fortificaba	fortificabas	fortificaba	fortificábamos	fortificabais	fortificaban
	preterite	fortifiqué	fortificaste	fortificó	fortificamos	fortificasteis	fortificaron
	future	fortificaré	fortificarás	fortificará	fortificaremos	fortificaréis	fortificarán
	conditional	fortificaría	fortificarías	fortificaría	fortificaríamos	fortificaríais	fortificarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fortifique	fortifiquestú fortifiquésvos2	fortifique	fortifiquemos	fortifiquéis	fortifiquen
	imperfect (ra)	fortificara	fortificaras	fortificara	fortificáramos	fortificarais	fortificaran
	imperfect (se)	fortificase	fortificases	fortificase	fortificásemos	fortificaseis	fortificasen
	future1	fortificare	fortificares	fortificare	fortificáremos	fortificareis	fortificaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		fortificatú fortificávos	fortifique	fortifiquemos	fortificad	fortifiquen
	negative		no fortifiques	no fortifique	no fortifiquemos	no fortifiquéis	no fortifiquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of fortificar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive fortificar	dative	fortificarme	fortificarte	fortificarle, fortificarse	fortificarnos	fortificaros	fortificarles, fortificarse
	accusative	fortificarme	fortificarte	fortificarlo, fortificarla, fortificarse	fortificarnos	fortificaros	fortificarlos, fortificarlas, fortificarse
with gerund fortificando	dative	fortificándome	fortificándote	fortificándole, fortificándose	fortificándonos	fortificándoos	fortificándoles, fortificándose
	accusative	fortificándome	fortificándote	fortificándolo, fortificándola, fortificándose	fortificándonos	fortificándoos	fortificándolos, fortificándolas, fortificándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative fortifica	dative	fortifícame	fortifícate	fortifícale	fortifícanos	not used	fortifícales
	accusative	fortifícame	fortifícate	fortifícalo, fortifícala	fortifícanos	not used	fortifícalos, fortifícalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative fortificá	dative	fortificame	fortificate	fortificale	fortificanos	not used	fortificales
	accusative	fortificame	fortificate	fortificalo, fortificala	fortificanos	not used	fortificalos, fortificalas
with formal second-person singular imperative fortifique	dative	fortifíqueme	not used	fortifíquele, fortifíquese	fortifíquenos	not used	fortifíqueles
	accusative	fortifíqueme	not used	fortifíquelo, fortifíquela, fortifíquese	fortifíquenos	not used	fortifíquelos, fortifíquelas
with first-person plural imperative fortifiquemos	dative	not used	fortifiquémoste	fortifiquémosle	fortifiquémonos	fortifiquémoos	fortifiquémosles
	accusative	not used	fortifiquémoste	fortifiquémoslo, fortifiquémosla	fortifiquémonos	fortifiquémoos	fortifiquémoslos, fortifiquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative fortificad	dative	fortificadme	not used	fortificadle	fortificadnos	fortificaos	fortificadles
	accusative	fortificadme	not used	fortificadlo, fortificadla	fortificadnos	fortificaos	fortificadlos, fortificadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative fortifiquen	dative	fortifíquenme	not used	fortifíquenle	fortifíquennos	not used	fortifíquenles, fortifíquense
	accusative	fortifíquenme	not used	fortifíquenlo, fortifíquenla	fortifíquennos	not used	fortifíquenlos, fortifíquenlas, fortifíquense

Related terms

• fortificación
• fuerte
• fuerza

 

Further reading

• “fortificar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10