etja

Icelandic

From Old Norse etja, from Proto-Germanic *atjaną, from Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate”).

etja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative atti, supine att)

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*etja* – active voice (*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að etja
supine sagnbót		att
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		etjandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	et	atti	etji	etti
	þú	etur	attir	etjir	ettir
	hann, hún, það	etur	atti	etji	etti
plural	við	etjum	öttum	etjum	ettum
	þið	etjið	öttuð	etjið	ettuð
	þeir, þær, þau	etja	öttu	etji	ettu

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	et (þú), ettu
plural	þið	etjið (þið), etjiði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

From Proto-Germanic *atjaną, from Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate”).

etja

to incite, to egg (goad) on to fight [with dative]
etja hestum ― to make horses fight

etja saman manndrápum ― to incite two parties to manslaughter
- c. 850, Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni, Ynglingatal, verse 4
  […] þás meinþjóf / markar ǫttu
  setrs verjendr / á sinn fǫður. […]
  When the warders of the pasture [PRINCES] incited the harm-thief of the marchlands [FIRE] against their father.
to exhort [with accusative]
etja til þolinmœði ― to exhort one to patience
to put forth [with dative]
hann etr fram skallanum
he exposes his bare skull (to the blows)
etja ráðum, hvárt ... ― to consider, if …
to fight against
etja við afls-mun (liðsmun) ― to fight against odds
(reflexive), to contend [with dative ‘with someone’]
ef menn etjast vitnum á
if men contend (plead) with witnesses

etja

to feed [with accusative ‘someone/something’ and dative ‘on something’]
etja heyvi, heyjum
to feed cattle upon hay