espernear

Galician

Alternative forms

• espernexar

Etymology

Attested since 1807. From es- +‎ perna (“leg”) +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /espeɾneˈaɾ/

Verb

espernear (first-person singular present esperneo, first-person singular preterite esperneei, past participle esperneado)
espernear (first-person singular present esperneio, first-person singular preterite esperneei, past participle esperneado, reintegrationist norm)

1. (intransitive) to kick; to vigorously agitate the legs, usually a child while sitting or lying down or another person to express great discontent or rage

   Synonym: pernear

   • 1807, anonymous author, Segundo diálogo dos esterqueiros:

     O santo Apostolo xa sabe
     que cando aforcan a un home
     non lle privan que espernee

     The Holy Apostle already knows
     that when they hang a man
     they do not deprive him from kicking

Conjugation

    Conjugation of espernear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	espernear
Personal	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearen
Gerund
	esperneando
Past participle
Masculine	esperneado			esperneados
Feminine	esperneada			esperneadas
Indicative
Present	esperneo	esperneas	espernea	esperneamos	esperneades	espernean
Imperfect	esperneaba	esperneabas	esperneaba	esperneabamos	esperneabades	esperneaban
Preterite	esperneei	esperneaches	esperneou	esperneamos	esperneastes	espernearon
Pluperfect	esperneara	espernearas	esperneara	espernearamos	espernearades	espernearan
Future	espernearei	espernearás	esperneará	espernearemos	espernearedes	espernearán
Conditional	espernearía	espernearías	espernearía	esperneariamos	esperneariades	espernearían
Subjunctive
Present	espernee	espernees	espernee	esperneemos	esperneedes	esperneen
Imperfect	espernease	esperneases	espernease	esperneásemos	esperneásedes	esperneasen
Future	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearen
Imperative
Affirmative		espernea	espernee	esperneemos	esperneade	esperneen
Negative (non)		non espernees	non espernee	non esperneemos	non esperneedes	non esperneen

    Reintegrated conjugation of espernear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	espernear
Personal	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearem
Gerund
	esperneando
Past participle
Masculine	esperneado			esperneados
Feminine	esperneada			esperneadas
Indicative
Present	esperneio, esperneo1	esperneias, esperneas1	esperneia, espernea1	esperneamos	esperneades, esperneais	esperneiam, esperneam1
Imperfect	esperneava	esperneavas	esperneava	esperneávamos	esperneávades, esperneáveis, esperneávais1	esperneavam
Preterite	esperneei	esperneaste, esperneache1	esperneou	esperneamos	esperneastes	esperneárom, espernearam
Pluperfect	esperneara	espernearas	esperneara	esperneáramos	esperneárades, esperneáreis, esperneárais1	espernearam
Future	espernearei	espernearás	esperneará	espernearemos	espernearedes, esperneareis	espernearám, espernearão
Conditional	espernearia	espernearias	espernearia	espernearíamos	espernearíades, espernearíeis, espernearíais1	esperneariam
Subjunctive
Present	esperneie, espernee1	esperneies, espernees1	esperneie, espernee1	esperneemos	esperneedes, esperneeis	esperneiem, esperneem1
Imperfect	esperneasse	esperneasses	esperneasse	esperneássemos	esperneássedes, esperneásseis	esperneassem
Future	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearem
Imperative
Affirmative		esperneia, espernea1	esperneie, espernee1	esperneemos	esperneade, esperneai	esperneiem, esperneem1
Negative (nom)		nom esperneies, nom espernees1	nom esperneie, nom espernee1	nom esperneemos	nom esperneedes, nom esperneeis	nom esperneiem, nom esperneem1

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• perna
• pernear

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “espernear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “espernear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “espernexar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From es- +‎ perna (“leg”) +‎ -ear. Compare Galician espernear

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [is.peɦ.neˈa(h)], /es.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [es.peɦ.neˈa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [is.peɦ.neˈa(h)], /es.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [es.peɦ.neˈa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.peɾ.neˈa(ɾ)/, /es.peɾ.neˈa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.peʁ.neˈa(χ)], /eʃ.peʁ.neˈa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.peʁ.neˈa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /es.peɻ.neˈa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.pɨɾˈnjaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.pɨɾˈnjaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.pɨɾˈnja.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: es‧per‧ne‧ar

Verb

espernear (first-person singular present esperneio, first-person singular preterite esperneei, past participle esperneado)

1. (intransitive) to kick; to vigorously agitate the legs, usually a child while sitting or lying down or another person to express great discontent or rage
2. (figurative) to protest, express personal revolt or discontent

Conjugation

    Conjugation of espernear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	espernear
Personal	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearem
Gerund
	esperneando
Past participle
Masculine	esperneado			esperneados
Feminine	esperneada			esperneadas
Indicative
Present	esperneio	esperneias	esperneia	esperneamos	esperneais	esperneiam
Imperfect	esperneava	esperneavas	esperneava	esperneávamos	esperneáveis	esperneavam
Preterite	esperneei	esperneaste	esperneou	esperneamos1, esperneámos2	esperneastes	espernearam
Pluperfect	esperneara	espernearas	esperneara	esperneáramos	esperneáreis	espernearam
Future	espernearei	espernearás	esperneará	espernearemos	esperneareis	espernearão
Conditional	espernearia	espernearias	espernearia	espernearíamos	espernearíeis	esperneariam
Subjunctive
Present	esperneie	esperneies	esperneie	esperneemos	esperneeis	esperneiem
Imperfect	esperneasse	esperneasses	esperneasse	esperneássemos	esperneásseis	esperneassem
Future	espernear	esperneares	espernear	espernearmos	esperneardes	espernearem
Imperative
Affirmative		esperneia	esperneie	esperneemos	esperneai	esperneiem
Negative (não)		não esperneies	não esperneie	não esperneemos	não esperneeis	não esperneiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

• pernear, barafustar