dzestrs
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived from dzest (an older, also dialectal, form of dzēst “to put out (fire), to extinguish, to erase” (q.v.); cf. also the related verb dzist “to go out (fire); to become cold, cool”), with an extra -ra: *dzes-ra-s > *dzesrs > dzestrs with an epenthetic t.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]dzestrs (definite dzestrais, comparative dzestrāks, superlative visdzestrākais, adverb dzestri)
- (of air, wind) fresh, (pleasantly) cool
- dzestrs vējš ― cool, fresh wind
- pēc kodīgas nakts salnas krīt lapas... patīkami sajust dzestro gaisu ― after the biting night frosts, leaves are falling... it is nice to feel the cool air
- (of weather, places, time periods) fresh, cool (characterized by fresh, cool air, wind, breezes)
- dzestrs laiks ― cool weather
- dzestrs rīts ― cool morning
- laukā ļoti dzestrs ― it is very cool outside
- kļuva krietni dzestrs ― it became quite cool
- dzestrā kapā likties ― to lie down in a cool grave
- oktobra pēdējās dienas bija dzestras; pūta griezīgs vējš ― the last days of October were cool; the wind blew shrill
- (of earth, sand, water) cool, also humid, damp
- dzestrs ūdens ― cool water
- dzestras smiltis ― cool, humid sand
- dzestra zeme ― cool, humid earth
- pēdīgi, jūlija beigās, iepūtās spirgtākas vēsmas... dzestrāks ūdens ieplūda sasilušajā līča kaktā, parādījās zivis ― at last, at the end of July, fresher breezes were blowing... cooler water flew into the warmer corner of the gulf, the fish came up
- (of light, the sun) cool (such that it does not provide warmth)
- visu pēcpusdienu spodra, bet dzestra novembra saule spīdēja pār Daugavu ― the whole afternoon a shiny but cool November sun shone over the Daugava (river)
- (figuratively, of people, their behavior) cold, chilly (without tenderness, without warmth, distant, aloof)
- pret māti es biju vienmēr dzestra, bet tēvu mīlēju ― to mother I was always cold, but father I loved
- savādi dzestra un atturīga bija viņa izturēšanās ― her behavior was oddly cold and restrained
- “Tad es tevi netraucēšu vairāk. Sveika!” viņa balss bija kļuvusi pavisam dzestra ― “In this case I will not disturb you any longer. Goodbye!” his voice had become completely cold
Declension
[edit]indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of dzestrs
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | dzestrs | dzestri | dzestra | dzestras | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | dzestru | dzestrus | dzestru | dzestras | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | dzestra | dzestru | dzestras | dzestru | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | dzestram | dzestriem | dzestrai | dzestrām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | dzestru | dzestriem | dzestru | dzestrām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | dzestrā | dzestros | dzestrā | dzestrās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dzestrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN