caltrop

English

(General American) enPR: kăl'trəp, IPA^(key): /ˈkæltɹəp/
Audio (US): (file)
- Rhymes: -æltɹəp
(UK) enPR: kăl'trəp, IPA^(key): /ˈkæltɹəp/, enPR: kôl'trəp, IPA^(key): /ˈkɔːltɹəp/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- Rhymes: -æltɹəp, -ɔːltɹəp

caltrop (plural caltrops)

(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge).
- 1858, The journal of the British Archaeological Association:
  […] her father, the emperor Alexius, who reigned AD 1081-1118, ordered caltrops to be cast in front of his archers […]
- 1954, Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, Science and civilisation in China:
  By Sung times, several different types of caltrops had been developed. As in earlier times, both caltrops could be made from both wood and iron...
- 2000, Alan Vick, Aerospace operations in urban environments: exploring new concepts:
  Caltrops, tetrahedrons, and similar devices are designed to puncture vehicle tires or limit foot traffic. The standard design has four points.
(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns.
Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions.

weaponry

Albanian: please add this translation if you can
Arabic: please add this translation if you can
Armenian: please add this translation if you can
Belarusian: кальчатка (kalʹčatka), чычак (čyčak), драцяны вожык (dracjany vóžyk)
Catalan: obriülls (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 蒺藜 (zh) (jílí)
Dutch: voetangel (nl) m, kraaienpoot (nl) m
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: jalkapiikki, kavioansa
French: chausse-trape (fr), pied de corbeau
Galician: abrollo (gl) m
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: Krähenfuß (de) m, Fußangel f
Greek:
Ancient: τρίβολος m (tríbolos)
Hungarian: vassulyom, lábtövis
Irish: grán catha m
Italian: tribolo (it) m, piede di corvo (it) m
Japanese: 鉄菱 (てつびし, tetsubishi)
Korean: 마름쇠 (mareumsoe)
Latin: mūrex m, tribulus m
Macedonian: please add this translation if you can
Middle English: calketrappe
Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
Portuguese: abrolho (pt) m, estrepe (pt) m, miguelito (modern)
Russian: чесно́к (ru) m (česnók) ("garlic"), про́волочный ёж m (próvoločnyj jož)
Serbo-Croatian:
Roman: vranina nòga f
Spanish: abrojo (es)
Swedish: fotangel (sv) c
Thai: ขวาก (th) (kwàak)
Turkish: demir dikeni (tr)
Ukrainian: please add this translation if you can
Vietnamese: chông sắt

starthistle

Tribulus terrestris

Arabic: حَسَك m (ḥasak)
Armenian: տատաշ (hy) (tataš)
Old Armenian: տատասկ (tatask)
Azerbaijani: dəmirtikan
Bulgarian: бабини зъби (babini zǎbi)
Catalan: tríbol m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 蒺藜 (zh) (jílí)
Finnish: okarennokki (fi)
French: tribule terrestre (fr)
Galician: abrollo (gl) m
Georgian: კუროსთავი (ḳurostavi), ტატაში (ṭaṭaši)
Hungarian: királydinnye (hu)
Italian: tribulo comune
Japanese: ハマビシ (hamabishi)
Kabardian: жьэныпэуц (źɛnəpɛwuc)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: xencere
Latin: tribulus m
Macedonian: ба́бин за́б m (bábin záb)
Navajo: shash nátʼoh
Persian: خارخاسک (xâr-xâsak)
Portuguese: abrolho (pt) m
Romanian: colții-babei (ro) m
Russian: я́корец сте́лющийся m (jákorec stéljuščijsja), я́корец назе́мный m (jákorec nazémnyj)
Spanish: abrojo terrestre, cadillo, cuerno de chivo, tribulo, cruz maltesa
Tamil: நெருஞ்சி (ta) (neruñci), நெருஞ்சில் (ta) (neruñcil), கிட்டிரம் (kiṭṭiram)
Turkish: çobançökerten, demir dikeni (tr)