τρίβολος

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /trí.bo.los/ → /ˈtri.βo.los/ → /ˈtri.vo.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trí.bo.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.bo.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.βo.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.vo.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.vo.los/

Noun

τρῐ́βολος • (trĭ́bolos) m (genitive τρῐβόλου); second declension

1. name of various prickly plants:
   1. water chestnut (Trapa natans)
   2. caltrop (Tribulus terrestris)
   3. Virgin's mantle (Fagonia cretica)
   4. prickly parsnip (Echinophora spinosa)
2. caltrop, a four-spiked implement thrown on the ground to lame the enemy's horses
3. larger contrivance for stopping boulders thrown down a slope
4. instrument hung from the walls of a fortress as a defence against battering rams
5. kind of incendiary missile

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ τρῐ́βολος; τοῦ τρῐβόλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τρῐ́βολος ho trĭ́bolos	τὼ τρῐβόλω tṑ trĭbólō	οἱ τρῐ́βολοι hoi trĭ́boloi
Genitive	τοῦ τρῐβόλου toû trĭbólou	τοῖν τρῐβόλοιν toîn trĭbóloin	τῶν τρῐβόλων tôn trĭbólōn
Dative	τῷ τρῐβόλῳ tôi trĭbólōi	τοῖν τρῐβόλοιν toîn trĭbóloin	τοῖς τρῐβόλοις toîs trĭbólois
Accusative	τὸν τρῐ́βολον tòn trĭ́bolon	τὼ τρῐβόλω tṑ trĭbólō	τοὺς τρῐβόλους toùs trĭbólous
Vocative	τρῐ́βολε trĭ́bole	τρῐβόλω trĭbólō	τρῐ́βολοι trĭ́boloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• τρῐβολοειδῶς (trĭboloeidôs)

Descendants

• → Latin: tribulus
  • → Translingual: Tribulus

References

• G5146 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin trībulum (“threshing sledge”).

Alternative forms

• τρίβολα f (tríbola)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /trǐː.bo.los/ → /ˈtri.βo.los/ → /ˈtri.vo.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trǐː.bo.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.bo.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.βo.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.vo.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.vo.los/

Noun

τρίβολος • (tríbolos) m (genitive τρῑ́βόλου); second declension

1. threshing sledge, a board with sharp stones fixed in the bottom

   Synonym: τυκάνη (tukánē)

2. part of the bit of a bridle

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ τρῑ́βολος; τοῦ τρῑβόλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τρῑ́βολος ho trī́bolos	τὼ τρῑβόλω tṑ trībólō	οἱ τρῑ́βολοι hoi trī́boloi
Genitive	τοῦ τρῑβόλου toû trībólou	τοῖν τρῑβόλοιν toîn trībóloin	τῶν τρῑβόλων tôn trībólōn
Dative	τῷ τρῑβόλῳ tôi trībólōi	τοῖν τρῑβόλοιν toîn trībóloin	τοῖς τρῑβόλοις toîs trībólois
Accusative	τὸν τρῑ́βολον tòn trī́bolon	τὼ τρῑβόλω tṑ trībólō	τοὺς τρῑβόλους toùs trībólous
Vocative	τρῑ́βολε trī́bole	τρῑβόλω trībólō	τρῑ́βολοι trī́boloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Aramaic:

  Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܛܪ̈ܘܒܝܠܐ

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טַּרְבָּל (ṭarbāl), טּוּרְבִּיל (ṭurbīl)

  • → Arabic: طِرْبِيل (ṭirbīl)

Further reading

• “τρίβολος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τρίβολος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τρίβολος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette