buruk

Basque

Noun

buruk

1. ergative indefinite of buru

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay buruk, from Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈburuʔ/ [ˈbu.rʊʔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uruʔ
• Syllabification: bu‧ruk

Adjective

buruk

1. bad
2. evil

   Synonym: jahat

3. (uncommon) Synonym of busuk (“rotten”)
4. (uncommon) Synonym of jelek (“ugly”)

Affixations

• buruk-burukkan (“to badmouth”)
• burukkan (“to make bad; to badmouth”)
• keburukan (“badness”)
• memburuk (“to get worse”)
• pemburukan (“worsening”)
• perburuk (“to worsen”)
• terburuk (“worst”)

(dialectal):

• berburuk (“to disagree, dispute; to have a bad or wrong take”)
• berburuk-buruk (“to disagree, dispute (repeatedly)”)
• burukan (“a type of land”)

Compounds

• mimpi buruk (“nightmare”)

• buruk hati (“evil”)
• buruk mulut (“bad-mouth”)
• buruk rupa (“ugly”)
• buruk sangka (“prejudice”)

(rare or obsolete):

• buruk ambil (“to have a bad take”)
• buruk perut (“greedy”)
• buruk pinta (“unlucky”)
• buruk selera (“greedy”)
• buruk siku (“ungrateful”)

Further reading

• “buruk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk.

Noun

buruk (Javanese script ꦧꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀)

1. a kind of chicken disease

Further reading

• “buruk” in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia], Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /burok/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /burʊk/
• Rhymes: -urok, -rok, -ok

Adjective

buruk (Jawi spelling بوروق)

1. old, rotten (as in wood or metal)
2. decayed (of fruit or food)
3. (figurative) bad (of character)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• keburukan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• seburuk-buruk [reduplication + comparability] (redup + se-)
• perburuk [causative passive] (peR-)
• burukkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• memburuk [agent focus] (meN-)
• memburukkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• diburukkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• terburuk [agentless action] (teR-)
• memperburukkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
• diperburukkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
• buruk-buruk [reduplication] (redup)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• buruk sangka
• buruk siku
• mimpi buruk

Descendants

• → Cebuano: bulok
• → Tagalog: bulok
• Indonesian: buruk

References

• "buruk" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
• “buruk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Sundanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, probably via Malay buruk.

Adjective

buruk (Sundanese script ᮘᮥᮛᮥᮊ᮪)

1. decayed
2. rotten

Turkish

Adjective

buruk

1. sweet-and-sour (of fruit or food)