brati

See also: bráti and brāti

Latin

Noun

bratī

1. inflection of bratus:
   1. nominative/vocative plural
   2. genitive singular

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bьrati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brâti/
• Hyphenation: bra‧ti

Verb

brȁti impf (Cyrillic spelling бра̏ти)

1. (transitive) to pick (grasp and pull with the fingers or fingernails)
2. (transitive) to pick (to remove a fruit or plant for consumption)

   Branje gljiva ― Mushroom picking

Conjugation

Conjugation of brati

Infinitive: brati		Present verbal adverb: bèrūći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: bránje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		berem	bereš	bere	beremo	berete	beru
Future	Future I	brat ću1 braću	brat ćeš1 braćeš	brat će1 braće	brat ćemo1 braćemo	brat ćete1 braćete	brat će1 braće
	Future II	bȕdēm brao2	bȕdēš brao2	bȕdē brao2	bȕdēmo brali2	bȕdēte brali2	bȕdū brali2
Past	Perfect	brao sam2	brao si2	brao je2	brali smo2	brali ste2	brali su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam brao2	bȉo si brao2	bȉo je brao2	bíli smo brali2	bíli ste brali2	bíli su brali2
	Imperfect	brah	braše	braše	brasmo	braste	brahu
Conditional I		brao bih2	brao bi2	brao bi2	brali bismo2	brali biste2	brali bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih brao2	bȉo bi brao2	bȉo bi brao2	bíli bismo brali2	bíli biste brali2	bíli bi brali2
Imperative		—	beri	—	berimo	berite	—
Active past participle		brao m / brala f / bralo n			brali m / brale f / brala n
Passive past participle		bran m / brana f / brano n			brani m / brane f / brana n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.   *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• izàbrati
• nàbrati
• òbrati
• odàbrati
• pòbrati
• pròbrati
• ùbrati
• sabrati

Slovene

FWOTD – 10 March 2023

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bьrati (“to pick up, to take”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti. For the meaning development compare with Latin lego (“to choose, to select, to collect, to gather, to read”), also compare with Russian разобра́ть (razobrátʹ, “to dismantle, to disassemble, to take apart, to deconstruct, to analyse, to parse, but also to recognize, to discern, make out, to read”), Russian разбо́рчивый по́черк (razbórčivyj póčerk, “legible handwriting”), Russian разбо́рчивая речь (razbórčivaja rečʹ, “intelligible speech”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bràːti/
• Hyphenation: brá‧ti

Verb

bráti impf

1. (transitive) to read (look at and interpret letters or other information)

   Synonyms: čītati, prebīrati, razbīrati

2. (transitive) to recognize feelings from a face^[→SSKJ]
3. (transitive, rare) to guess, to tell (fortune)^[→SSKJ]

   Synonyms: ugībati, napovedováti

   • 1973, Milko Matičetov, Zverinice iz rezije, page 34:

     Tedaj so ji zmerom morale dati kaj, ko jim je metala karte in brala srečo iz roke.

     At that time, they always had to give her something when she was putting down cards and telling their luck from their hands.

4. (transitive, archaic, chiefly eastern dialects) to gather, to pick

   Synonyms: nabīrati, tŕgati

   • 1983, Rado Radešček, Slovenske legende, page 62:

     Prigodilo pa se je, da je nekoč na Šmarni gori brala jagode nedolžna deklica, po imenu Matjaževa Micka iz Zavrha.

     Once it happened that an innocent girl named Micka from Zavrh was picking strawberries on Šmarna gora.

5. (transitive, usually in imperative mood) to understand as^{[→SSKJ, SP]}

   Evropska (beri: zahodna) kultura. ― European (i.e. western) culture.

6. (intransitive, reflexive, slang) to keep in touch, usually by messages ^[→Sprotni]
7. (obsolete) to cost, to consume, to need ^{[→Pleteršnik]}

Conjugation

Class V, accentual type IIA (accent is directly before infinitive ending and not directly before present indicative endings), imperfective

Infinitive bráti (a-ti), l-participle brȃł

Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts)		bráti
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial)		brȁt
Supine		brȃt
l-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	brȃł	brála	brȃlo
dual	brȃla	brȃli	brȃli
plural	brȃli	brȃle	brȃla
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	brán	brána	bráno
dual	brána	bráni	bráni
plural	bráni	bráne	brána
š-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	–	–	–
dual	–	–	–
plural	–	–	–
adverbial š-participle		brȃvši
True gerund		brānje
Objectified gerund		brānje

Present stem bérem (e-m)

Present indicative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	bérem	béreva, bérema	béremo
2nd person	béreš	béreta, béresta	bérete, béreste
3rd person	bére	béreta, béresta	bérejo, berọ́
Imperative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	béri	berȋva, berȋma	berȋmo
2nd person	béri	berȋta	berȋte
3rd person	béri	berȋta	–
č-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	berọ̄č	berọ́ča	berọ́če
dual	berọ́ča	berọ́či	berọ́či
plural	berọ́či	berọ́če	berọ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle		berọ̄č
e-participle		berȃje

Derived terms

• berílo
• brȃləc
• brȃłka
• brati korekture
• brati kot odprto knjigo
• brati kozje molitvice
• brati levite
• brati mašo
• brati med vrsticami
• dobráti
• izbȋrək
• izbȍr
• izbránəc
• izbráti
• izprebráti
• nabirȃləc
• nabīrati
• nabȍr
• nabọ̑rək
• nabọ̑rən
• nabọ̑rnik
• nabráti
• obirȃləc
• obīrati
• obráti
• odbīrati
• odbȍr
• odbọ̑rnik
• odbráti
• pobirȃləc
• pobīrati
• pobráti
• podbráti
• prebīrati
• prebráti
• preubráti
• pribráti
• razbīrati
• razbȍr
• razbráti
• s hudičem ni dobro lešnikov brati
• sprebráti
• ubīrati
• ubrán
• ubránost
• ubráti
• zbirȃtelj
• zbīrati
• zbȋrka
• zbȍr
• zbráti
• zbrán
• zbránost

Further reading

• “brati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “brati”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references