auka

See also: aukā, auką, and auka-

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈøyːka/

  Rhymes: -øyːka

Etymology 1

From Old Norse auka, from Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Akin to English eke, Danish øge, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan), Latin augeō, Latvian augt.

Verb

auka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative jók, third-person plural past indicative juku, supine aukið)

1. (transitive, governs the accusative) to increase, to augment

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• auka við
• auka í
• aukast

Related terms

• auka-

Etymology 2

Noun

auka

1. inflection of auki:
   1. indefinite accusative/dative/genitive singular
   2. indefinite accusative/genitive plural

Latgalian

Noun

auka

1. storm

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *auk-, from Proto-Indo-European stem *ewk-, *owk-, *ūk-, from an onomatopoeic * ew, *ow with an extra k (common in derivations of onomatopoeic words; cf. Russian у (u) “uh!” and the derived verb укать (ukatʹ)). Cognates include Lithuanian áukterti (“to howl”), Old Prussian aukis (“vulture”) (probably from “noisy, screeming bird,” maybe from “storm bird”), Russian аукать (aukatʹ, “to howl”), Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌾𐍉𐌽 (auhjōn, “to make noise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [āwka]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

auka f (4th declension)

1. gale (strong wind that does not reach the level of a storm; also figuratively)

   auka plosās ― the gale is raging

   rudens aukas ― autumn gales

   cīņu aukas ― the gales of struggle

   atvairīdams aukas brāzienus, iegaudojas mežs ― the forest is howling, repelling the gale blows

Declension

Declension of auka (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	auka	aukas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	auku	aukas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	aukas	auku
dative (datīvs)	aukai	aukām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	auku	aukām
locative (lokatīvs)	aukā	aukās
vocative (vokatīvs)	auka	aukas

Lithuanian

Etymology

Per Girdenis, probably from an unattested Proto-Baltic *au̯ikā́ (“sheep”), with syncope of the *-i-, from a diminutive of Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis (“sheep”), and exact cognate with Proto-Slavic *ovьcà (“sheep”), Sanskrit अविका (avikā́, “ewe”). The word experienced semantic shift from "sheep" > "sacrificial sheep" > "sacrifice". This derivation is favored by Derksen.

Older theories consider the word a neologism, derived ultimately from al̃kas (“(holy) grove on a hill; idol”), created by the writer Simonas Daukantas, from a phonetic reinterpretation of the phrase al̃ko kálnas (“sacred hill”) as aũka kálns. Derksen acknowledges the possibility of the derivation from al̃kas; however, he notes that aukà is attested in texts that predate Daukantas, in addition to Girdenis's theory accounting for the fate of the Baltic cognate of Proto-Slavic *ovьcà, which is otherwise unexplained.

Pronunciation

• (aukà) IPA^(key): /auˑˈka/

Noun

aukà f (plural aũkos) stress pattern 4

1. sacrifice
2. offering
3. devotion
4. victim

   (katastrofos) aukų gedėti - to mourn for victims (of a catastrophe)

Declension

Declension of aukà

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	aukà	aũkos
genitive (kilmininkas)	aukõs	aukų̃
dative (naudininkas)	aũkai	aukóms
accusative (galininkas)	aũką	aukàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	aukà	aukomìs
locative (vietininkas)	aukojè	aukosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	aũka	aũkos

Derived terms

(Verbs)

• aukóti

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• auket
• aukte (simple past only)
• aukt (past participle only)

Verb

auka

1. inflection of auke:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• auke

Etymology

From Old Norse auka, from Proto-Germanic *aukaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²œʊːka/

Verb

auka (present tense aukar, past tense auka, past participle auka, passive infinitive aukast, present participle aukande, imperative auka/auk)

1. (transitive) increase

   Det ville verta streik om ikkje leiinga ikkje auka løna.

   There would be a strike if the leadership did not increase the salary.

2. (intransitive) increase

   Underskotet til verksemda hadde auka dei siste åra.

   The deficit of the company had increased in the most recent years.

References

• “auka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aukaną. Cognate with Latin augēo (“I augment”).

Verb

auka (singular past indicative jók, plural past indicative jóku or juku, past participle aukinn)

1. to augment, increase
2. (poetic) to impregnate
   • Völundarkviða, verse 36, l. 3-4

     […] nú gengr Böðvildr / barni aukin,
     eingadóttir / ykkur beggja.

     […] now Bödvildr walks / pregnant with a child,
     the only daughter / of you two.

3. (with dative) to add
4. to surpass, exceed

   þat er eykr sex aura, þá á konungr hálft þat er eykr

   if it exceeds six ounces, the king takes half the rest

Conjugation

Conjugation of auka — active (strong class 7)

infinitive	auka
present participle	aukandi
past participle	aukinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	eyk	jók
2nd-person singular	eykr	jókt
3rd-person singular	eykr	jók
1st-person plural	aukum	jókum, jukum
2nd-person plural	aukið	jókuð, jukuð
3rd-person plural	auka	jóku, juku
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	auka	ýka, yka
2nd-person singular	aukir	ýkir, ykir
3rd-person singular	auki	ýki, yki
1st-person plural	aukim	ýkim, ykim
2nd-person plural	aukið	ýkið, ykið
3rd-person plural	auki	ýki, yki
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	auk
1st-person plural	aukum
2nd-person plural	aukið

Conjugation of auka — mediopassive (strong class 7)

infinitive	aukask
present participle	aukandisk
past participle	aukizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	aukumk	jókumk, jukumk
2nd-person singular	eyksk	jókzk
3rd-person singular	eyksk	jóksk
1st-person plural	aukumsk	jókumsk, jukumsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk	jókuzk, jukuzk
3rd-person plural	aukask	jókusk, jukusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	aukumk	ýkumk, ykumk
2nd-person singular	aukisk	ýkisk, ykisk
3rd-person singular	aukisk	ýkisk, ykisk
1st-person plural	aukimsk	ýkimsk, ykimsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk	ýkizk, ykizk
3rd-person plural	aukisk	ýkisk, ykisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	auksk
1st-person plural	aukumsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk

The verb can also take on the weak class 2 conjugation.

Conjugation of auka — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	auka
present participle	aukandi
past participle	aukaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	auka	aukaða
2nd-person singular	aukar	aukaðir
3rd-person singular	aukar	aukaði
1st-person plural	aukum	aukuðum
2nd-person plural	aukið	aukuðuð
3rd-person plural	auka	aukuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	auka	aukaða
2nd-person singular	aukir	aukaðir
3rd-person singular	auki	aukaði
1st-person plural	aukim	aukaðim
2nd-person plural	aukið	aukaðið
3rd-person plural	auki	aukaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	auka
1st-person plural	aukum
2nd-person plural	aukið

Conjugation of auka — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	aukask
present participle	aukandisk
past participle	aukazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	aukumk	aukuðumk
2nd-person singular	aukask	aukaðisk
3rd-person singular	aukask	aukaðisk
1st-person plural	aukumsk	aukuðumsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk	aukuðuzk
3rd-person plural	aukask	aukuðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	aukumk	aukuðumk
2nd-person singular	aukisk	aukaðisk
3rd-person singular	aukisk	aukaðisk
1st-person plural	aukimsk	aukaðimsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk	aukaðizk
3rd-person plural	aukisk	aukaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	aukask
1st-person plural	aukumsk
2nd-person plural	aukizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: auka
• Faroese: eyka
• Norwegian Nynorsk: auka
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: auke
• Old Swedish: ø̄ka
  • Swedish: öka
• Old Danish: økæ
  • Danish: øge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: øke
    • → Faroese: økja
  • Scanian: øga
• Old Gutnish: auka
  • Gutnish: aukä

References

• auka in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Paipai

Interjection

auka

1. hello