arrojar

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish arrojar, from Latin rotāre.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁoˈʒa(ʁ)/ [a.hoˈʒa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.ʁoˈʒa(ɾ)/ [a.hoˈʒa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.ʁoˈʒa(ʁ)/ [a.χoˈʒa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.ʁoˈʒa(ɻ)/ [a.hoˈʒa(ɻ)]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈʒaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈʒa.ɾi/

Verb

arrojar (first-person singular present arrojo, first-person singular preterite arrojei, past participle arrojado)

(transitive) to throw (cause an object to move rapidly through the air)
Synonyms: arremessar, lançar, deitar
(transitive) to drag
Synonym: arrastar
(pronominal) to throw oneself
(pronominal) to crawl
(pronominal, figurative) to dare
Synonym: arriscar

Conjugation

Conjugation of arrojar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	arrojar
Personal	arrojar	arrojares	arrojar	arrojarmos	arrojardes	arrojarem
Gerund
	arrojando
Past participle
Masculine	arrojado			arrojados
Feminine	arrojada			arrojadas
Indicative
Present	arrojo	arrojas	arroja	arrojamos	arrojais	arrojam
Imperfect	arrojava	arrojavas	arrojava	arrojávamos	arrojáveis	arrojavam
Preterite	arrojei	arrojaste	arrojou	arrojamos¹, arrojámos²	arrojastes	arrojaram
Pluperfect	arrojara	arrojaras	arrojara	arrojáramos	arrojáreis	arrojaram
Future	arrojarei	arrojarás	arrojará	arrojaremos	arrojareis	arrojarão
Conditional	arrojaria	arrojarias	arrojaria	arrojaríamos	arrojaríeis	arrojariam
Subjunctive
Present	arroje	arrojes	arroje	arrojemos	arrojeis	arrojem
Imperfect	arrojasse	arrojasses	arrojasse	arrojássemos	arrojásseis	arrojassem
Future	arrojar	arrojares	arrojar	arrojarmos	arrojardes	arrojarem
Imperative
Affirmative		arroja	arroje	arrojemos	arrojai	arrojem
Negative (não)		não arrojes	não arroje	não arrojemos	não arrojeis	não arrojem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *arrot(u)lāre, *rotulāre, from Latin rotāre (“to turn, to wheel”). The lack of diphthongization (**arruejo) is due to the palatalization of the -tl- > -cl- cluster to [ʎ], then Old Spanish [ʒ], raising the previous vowel to close [o] — compare Latin oculus, which gave rise to Spanish ojo (not **huejo).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aroˈxaɾ/ [a.roˈxaɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: a‧rro‧jar

Verb

arrojar (first-person singular present arrojo, first-person singular preterite arrojé, past participle arrojado)

(transitive) to throw, to hurl, to toss, to fling (cause an object to move rapidly through the air)
Synonyms: tirar, lanzar, impulsar
(transitive) to emit (to send out or give off)
Synonym: echar
(transitive) to eject, to kick out (to compel (a person or persons) to leave)
Synonyms: echar, expulsar
(transitive) to yield, to produce; to shed (light) on
arrojar dudas sobre algo ― raise doubts

arrojar luz sobre ― to shed light on

arrojar resultados positivos ― to yield positive results
- 1877, Francisco Miralles, Desde Júpiter:
  Solamente haremos notar, que al esponer a Uds. la estraña anomalía de fumar tabaco cuando se conoce el vapor, el telégrafo i la imprenta, no era nuestra mente arrojar dudas acerca de lo que con tanta justicia acaba de esponerse, esto es, que el desarrollo de los mundo se hace simultáneamente para todos los conocimientos, pero siguiendo órdenes diferentes, segun la naturaleza del planeta.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- September 1 1976, Luis Echeverría Alvarez, a governmental report
  El avance en el control ha traído consigo una mayor eficiencia en la capacidad productiva y administrativa, lo que se traduce en que el 70 por ciento de las empresas del Estado arrojan resultados positivos, a pesar de que su funcionamiento obedece a un marcado interés social.
  An increase in control has brought with it a greater efficiency in productive and administrative capacity, which has the result that 70 percent of the State's enterprises are yielding positive results, despite their functioning obeying a marked social interest.
(transitive) to vomit
Synonym: vomitar
(transitive) to cast (doubt on)

Conjugation

Conjugation of arrojar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			arrojar
gerund			arrojando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		arrojado		arrojada
		plural		arrojados		arrojadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arrojo	arrojas^{^tú} arrojás^{^vos}	arroja	arrojamos	arrojáis	arrojan
	imperfect	arrojaba	arrojabas	arrojaba	arrojábamos	arrojabais	arrojaban
	preterite	arrojé	arrojaste	arrojó	arrojamos	arrojasteis	arrojaron
	future	arrojaré	arrojarás	arrojará	arrojaremos	arrojaréis	arrojarán
	conditional	arrojaría	arrojarías	arrojaría	arrojaríamos	arrojaríais	arrojarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	arroje	arrojes^{^tú} arrojés^{^vos²}	arroje	arrojemos	arrojéis	arrojen
	imperfect (ra)	arrojara	arrojaras	arrojara	arrojáramos	arrojarais	arrojaran
	imperfect (se)	arrojase	arrojases	arrojase	arrojásemos	arrojaseis	arrojasen
	future¹	arrojare	arrojares	arrojare	arrojáremos	arrojareis	arrojaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		arroja^{^tú} arrojá^{^vos}	arroje	arrojemos	arrojad	arrojen
	negative		no arrojes	no arroje	no arrojemos	no arrojéis	no arrojen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of arrojar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive arrojar	dative	arrojarme	arrojarte	arrojarle, arrojarse	arrojarnos	arrojaros	arrojarles, arrojarse
with infinitive arrojar	accusative	arrojarme	arrojarte	arrojarlo, arrojarla, arrojarse	arrojarnos	arrojaros	arrojarlos, arrojarlas, arrojarse

with gerund arrojando	dative	arrojándome	arrojándote	arrojándole, arrojándose	arrojándonos	arrojándoos	arrojándoles, arrojándose
with gerund arrojando	accusative	arrojándome	arrojándote	arrojándolo, arrojándola, arrojándose	arrojándonos	arrojándoos	arrojándolos, arrojándolas, arrojándose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative arroja	dative	arrójame	arrójate	arrójale	arrójanos	not used	arrójales
with informal second-person singular tú imperative arroja	accusative	arrójame	arrójate	arrójalo, arrójala	arrójanos	not used	arrójalos, arrójalas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative arrojá	dative	arrojame	arrojate	arrojale	arrojanos	not used	arrojales
	accusative	arrojame	arrojate	arrojalo, arrojala	arrojanos	not used	arrojalos, arrojalas

with formal second-person singular imperative arroje	dative	arrójeme	not used	arrójele, arrójese	arrójenos	not used	arrójeles
with formal second-person singular imperative arroje	accusative	arrójeme	not used	arrójelo, arrójela, arrójese	arrójenos	not used	arrójelos, arrójelas

with first-person plural imperative arrojemos	dative	not used	arrojémoste	arrojémosle	arrojémonos	arrojémoos	arrojémosles
with first-person plural imperative arrojemos	accusative	not used	arrojémoste	arrojémoslo, arrojémosla	arrojémonos	arrojémoos	arrojémoslos, arrojémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative arrojad	dative	arrojadme	not used	arrojadle	arrojadnos	arrojaos	arrojadles
with informal second-person plural imperative arrojad	accusative	arrojadme	not used	arrojadlo, arrojadla	arrojadnos	arrojaos	arrojadlos, arrojadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative arrojen	dative	arrójenme	not used	arrójenle	arrójennos	not used	arrójenles, arrójense
with formal second-person plural imperative arrojen	accusative	arrójenme	not used	arrójenlo, arrójenla	arrójennos	not used	arrójenlos, arrójenlas, arrójense

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Portuguese: arrojar

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading