User:Alexlin01/NH cognates/Lower level reconstructions

Galela-Loloda

Galela-Loloda *'u.dom

(transitive) to drink

Related to Tobelo udoudomo (“drinking cup”), which Baarda says derives from Galela. However, this doesn't explain the final m, unless the form is instead from Loloda. Could alternatively have been inherited as well.

• Galela: udo
• Loloda: udomo

Sahuic

Sahuic *'ba.ʔu

sago

• Sahu: ḇa'u (P & T)
• Waioli: ba'u
• Gamkonora: ba'u

Sahuic *'bo.ŋol

cheek

• Sahu: bobongolo (P), popongolo (T)
• Waioli: bongolo

Sahuic *'di.ʔim

tail

• Sahu: di'imi (P & T)
• Waioli: di'imi

Sahuic *'e.noʔ

skin

• Sahu: eno'o (P & T)
• Waioli: eno'o
• Gamkonora: eno

Sahuic *'ga.ter

chest (of body)

☆ May be related to PNH *'ga.te(r) ("liver") if we also have the secondary meaning of "heart".

• Sahu: katere (P & T; P form is irregular: gatere is expected)
• Waioli: gatere
• Gamkonora: gatel
• Ibu: gatele

Sahuic *ka.'u.na

dog

External comparisons with Proto-Sangiric *kapuna ("dog") make a PNNH (or Pre-Sahuic?) form *kap₁una seem likely.

• Waioli: kauna
• Gamkonora: kauna
• Ibu: kauna

Ternate-Tidore

Ternate-Tidore *bu.Li.ga

charm, magic, magical formula

• Ternate: budiga
• Tidore: buliga

Ternate-Tidore *bo.Li.to

misfortune, accident

• Ternate: bodito
• Tidore: bolito

Ternate-Tidore *do.'p₂o.lo

head

• Ternate: dopolo
• Tidore: dofolo

Ternate-Tidore *'hu.La

sago; sago palm

Compare West Makian fulo (“sago porridge”)

• Ternate: huda
• Tidore: hula

Ternate-Tidore *'i.su

breast

• Ternate: isu
• Tidore: isu

Ternate-Tidore *'o.ru

belly

• Ternate: oru
• Tidore: oru

Ternate-Tidore *'p₂e.Lu

(stative) crooked

• Ternate: pedu
• Tidore: felu

Ternate-Tidore *'ra.u

leaf

From Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *raun, borrowed early enough that the final consonant was lost.

• Ternate: rau
• Tidore: rau

Ternate-Tidore *so.'Li.Li

earthquake

• Ternate: sodidi
• Tidore: sulili

Ternate-Tidore *so.'ŋa.ji

sangaji

• Ternate: sangaji
  • → Tidore: sangaji
• Tidore: songaji

Ternate-Tidore *'su.Lo

(transitive) to order, command

• Ternate: sudo
• Tidore: sulo

Ternate-Tidore *'u.Li

steering wheel; (transitive) to steer

Almost certainly cognate with Indonesian kemudi

• Ternate: udi
• Tidore: uli