Template:ms-der
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- The following documentation is located at Template:ms-der/documentation. [edit]
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Malay affix-derived forms template, relying on Module:ms-derivations.
Usage
Format for each parameter
Two possibilities:
- The id's for the Malay affixes (see below) are used, per the book The Morphology of Malay by Abdullah Hassan. If multiple affixations exist, they can be listed sequentially, linked by
+. - The derived word itself.
In either case, the gloss can be specified by :gloss placed after the id or word form.
List of affixes
(noun-producing)
- 11: -el- [nonproductive] (agentive and instrumental / resultative)
- 12: -er- [nonproductive] (resultative)
- 13: -em- [nonproductive] (resultative / variety)
- 21: peN- [productive] (agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure)
- 22: pe- [nonproductive] (passive / name of profession)
- 23: ke- [nonproductive] (passive)
- 24: pra- [nonproductive] ((from Sanskrit))
- 31: -an [productive] (resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit)
- 32: -Man [nonproductive] (agent)
- 33: -is [nonproductive] (agent)
- 34: -isme [nonproductive] (ideology)
- 40: ke-an [productive] (abstract / locative)
(verb-producing)
- 111: -el- [nonproductive] (intensity)
- 112: -em- [nonproductive] (intensity)
- 113: -er- [nonproductive] (intensity)
- 121: - [productive] (reduplication)
- 131: se- [productive] (comparability)
- 132: ke- [nonproductive] (intensity)
- 140: -an [nonproductive] (repetition / reciprocity)
- 150: ke-an [productive] (resemblance / passive)
- 210: peR- [productive] (causative passive)
- 221: -kan [productive] (causative benefactive)
- 222: -i [productive] (causative (locative) benefactive)
- 310: meN- [productive] (agent focus)
- 320: di- [productive] (patient focus)
- 330: teR- [productive] (agentless action)
- 340: beR- [productive] (stative / habitual)
- 350: mempeR- [productive] (causative agent focus)
- 360: dipeR- [productive] (causative passive focus)
(adverb-producing)
- 411: -el- [nonproductive] (longer timespan)
- 412: -em- [nonproductive] (longer timespan)
- 413: -er- [nonproductive] (longer timespan)
- 420: - [productive] (reduplication)
- 430: se- [nonproductive] (immediacy / habitual)
- 440: -an [nonproductive] (timespan / emotion)
Examples
khabar (“news”)
{{ms-der|21|31|40|210|210+31|221|222|310|310+221|320|330|340|persuratkhabaran}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengabar [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- khabaran [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- kekhabaran [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- perkhabar [causative passive] (peR-)
- perkhabaran [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- khabarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- khabari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- mengabar [agent focus] (meN-)
- mengabarkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dikhabar [patient focus] (di-)
- terkhabar [agentless action] (teR-)
- berkhabar [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
sakit (“to be sick”)
{{ms-der|21:disease|22:patient|40:pain|121|131|150|210|221|222|310+221:to hurt|330|340}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- penyakit (“disease”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pesakit (“patient”) [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
- kesakitan (“pain”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- sakit-sakit [reduplication] (redup)
- sesakit [comparability] (se-)
- kesakitan [resemblance / passive] (ke-an)
- persakit [causative passive] (peR-)
- sakitkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- sakiti [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- menyakitkan (“to hurt”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- tersakit [agentless action] (teR-)
- bersakit [stative / habitual] (beR-)
makan (“to eat”)
{{ms-der|21|31|121|210|210+221|221|222|310|310+221|320|320+221|330|340|makan malam|makan siang}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- makan-makan [reduplication] (redup)
- permakan [causative passive] (peR-)
- permakankan [causative passive + causative benefactive] (peR- + -kan)
- makankan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- makani [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
- memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
- dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
- bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
luas (“to be spacious”)
{{ms-der|21|40|121|131|210|221|222|330}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- peluas [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- keluasan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- luas-luas [reduplication] (redup)
- seluas [comparability] (se-)
- perluas [causative passive] (peR-)
- luaskan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- luasi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- terluas [agentless action] (teR-)
lap (“to mop”)
{{ms-der|21|31|121|210|221|222|310|320|330|340}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengelap [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- lapan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- lap-lap [reduplication] (redup)
- perlap [causative passive] (peR-)
- lapkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- lapi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- mengelap [agent focus] (meN-)
- dilap [patient focus] (di-)
- terlap [agentless action] (teR-)
- berlap [stative / habitual] (beR-)
surat (“letter”)
{{ms-der|21|31|210|221|222|310|320|330|340}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- penyurat [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- suratan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- persurat [causative passive] (peR-)
- suratkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- surati [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- menyurat [agent focus] (meN-)
- disurat [patient focus] (di-)
- tersurat [agentless action] (teR-)
- bersurat [stative / habitual] (beR-)
sudah (“over”)
{{ms-der|21|31|40|420|131|210|221|222|330}}
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- penyudah [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- sudahan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- kesudahan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- sudah-sudah [reduplication] (redup)
- sesudah [comparability] (se-)
- persudah [causative passive] (peR-)
- sudahkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- sudahi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- tersudah [agentless action] (teR-)