makan

See also: makán, mákan, and Makan

English

Noun

makan (uncountable)

1. (Singapore, Malaysia) Food.

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

1. to eat (consume)

Central Dusun

Verb

makan

1. to eat

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈmakan/ [ˈma.kan]
• Rhymes: -akan
• Syllabification: ma‧kan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən. Doublet of makam and pakan.

Verb

makan (active memakan, passive dimakan)

1. to eat (to consume, ingest)

   Pagi ini saya makan ikan.

   This morning I ate fish.

2. (of money, time etc.) to eat, consume, use up

   Pembangunan sekolah ini memakan biaya tinggi.

   The construction of this school consumes a lot of money.

3. (of chess) to attack, to kill

   Synonym: serang

4. (usually of a machine part, pen, etc.) to work (to function correctly)

   Remnya sempat gak makan di tengah jalan.

   The brake wasn't working in the middle of the road.

5. to corrupt, embezzle

   Synonym: korupsi

   Dia memakan sebagian besar uang milik koperasi itu.

   He embezzled most of the cooperative's money.

6. (uncommon) to damage, hurt

   Synonyms: rusak, lukai

7. (uncommon, of a tool, etc.) to reach

   Synonym: capai

8. (uncommon) to consume, to take

   Synonyms: konsumsi, minum

9. (uncommon, idiomatic) to sleep with (to have sex with)

Derived terms

• ketermakanan (“edibility”)
• makan-makan (“to feast”)
• (obsolete) makan-makanan (“various foods”)
• makanan (“food; meal”)
• (uncommon) makani (“to feed; to eat repeatedly”)
• makankan (“to feed”)
• pemakan (“eater”)
• permakanan (“eating; diet”)
• (uncommon) sepemakan (“in the same duration as a person eating”)
• termakan (“eaten; accidentally eaten”)
• termakankan (“edible”)

Etymology 2

Clipping of makanan (literally “food, meal”).

Noun

makan (uncountable)

1. (used only in a phrase) sustenance (something that provides support or nourishment)

   Synonym: rezeki

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*kaen”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

See also

• minum (“to drink”)

Further reading

• makan on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^id
• “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /makan/
• Rhymes: -akan

Verb

makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)

1. to eat
2. consume, spend
3. to injure or penetrate
4. (impersonal) to work as expected
5. fit in
6. to follow (an advice)
7. to receive bribes or illegally obtained money

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
• makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
• memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
• dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
• bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• makan malam
• makan siang
• makan angin
• makan angkat
• makan bawang
• makan suap

Descendants

• Indonesian: makan
• North Moluccan Malay: makang

Further reading

• “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Swedish

Noun

makan

1. definite singular of maka

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• macan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology

From either Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), or Spanish Macán, an obsolete form of Macao according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /maˈkan/ [mɐˈxan̪]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ma‧kan

Noun

makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)

1. (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
2. (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked

Related terms

• dinorado
• Makaw
• sinandomeng

Further reading

• “makan”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
• “makan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 40
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[1] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier