Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/eg-

Proto-Turkic

Alternative Reconstruction

• *eŋ-

Reconstruction Notes

Whether the original form should be reconstructed as with *-ŋ or with *-g is a matter of debate. Consensus is that *eŋ- and *eg- are different realizations of the same root. Róna-Tas argues that *eŋ- is not a 'variant' of *eg- and is, infact, the older form. He also posits that both lemmas descend from *äŋV- (where *V stands for an uncertain vowel).

Verb

*eg-

1. (transitive) to bend, to bow

   Synonyms: *aŋït-, *bük-

Derived Terms

• *egtü (“curved knife”)
• *egen (“back, spur”)
• *eyegü (“ribcage, rib, aliethmoids”)
• *eŋse (“nape, back of neck”)
• (?) *ẹ̄ke- (“file, curved tool”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • West Old Turkic: *äŋ-
    • → Hungarian: enged
  • Chuvash: ав (av)
    • Viryal: ай (aj)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: əymək
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: əymək
    • Ottoman Turkish: اگمك (eğmek)
      • Turkish: eğmek
      • Gagauz: eymek, enmek
  • Turkmen: egmek
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (egmek)
    • Uzbek: egmoq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: эйеү (eyew)
  • West Kipchak:
    • ⇒ Crimean Tatar: egilmek (“to bow down”)
    • Karachay-Balkar: иег (iyeg)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: ию (iü)
      • Nogai: июв (iyuv)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: ийүү (iyüü)
      • Southern Altai: ийер (iyer)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰏 (eg-, “to bow, to encircle”), [script needed] (eŋ-, “to bend”), 𐰏𐰼 (egir-, “to spin, to encircle, to wind”)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽺𐽶𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋitmäk, “to bend, curven”), 𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ägmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽼𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ägipmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋirmäk, “to spin”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: иэх (ieq)
    • Dolgan: иэҕ (ieɣ-)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: ээр (eer)
      • Tofa: ээр
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Shor: эг, ээл
  • → Mongolian: ээрэх (eerex, “to spin thread”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eg-, eŋ-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 99-100, 106, 109, 118, 179
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “eğdi, eğe¹, eğe², eğiç, eğin”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, pages 129-131
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*ǟg-, ǟgür”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 37-38
• Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “enged”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 317-320
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*eg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill