اكمك

Ottoman Turkish

اكمك

Etymology 1

From earlier اتمك (etmek), from Proto-Common Turkic *etmek. Cognate with Azerbaijani əkmək, Bashkir икмәк (ikmək), Karachay-Balkar ётмек (ötmek), Kazakh өтпек (ötpek), Khakas іпек (ìpek), Kumyk экмек (ekmek) and Tatar икмәк (ikmäk).

Alternative forms

• اتمك (etmek)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛcˈmɛc/

Noun

اكمك • (ekmek) (definite accusative اكمكی (ekmeği), plural اكمكلر (ekmekler))

1. bread, a foodstuff prepared from a dough of flour, usually wheat, and water, usually by baking

   Synonyms: خبز (hubz), نان (nan)

2. (figuratively) daily bread, staff of life, anything which is regarded as a source of sustenance

Derived terms

• اكمك آغاجی (ekmek ağacı, “breadfruit”)
• اكمك اوفاغی (ekmek ufağı, “breadcrumb”)
• اكمك ایچی (ekmek içi, “breadcrumb”)
• اكمك قبوغی (ekmek kabuğu, “breadcrust”)
• اكمك كبی (ekmek gibi, “precious, vital”)
• اكمكجی (ekmekci, “baker”)
• اكمكه یاغ سورلمك (ekmeğe yağ sürülmek, “to do an unexpected favor”, literally “to spread butter on bread”)
• اكمكی باصمق (ekmeği basmak, “to show ingratitude”, literally “to step on bread”)
• او اكمكی (ev ekmeği, “homemade bread”)
• بیات اكمك (bayat ekmek, “stale bread”)
• بیرا اكمكی (bira ekmeği, “breadwinner”)
• تعیین اكمك (taʼyin ekmek, “munition bread”)
• خاص اكمك (has ekmek, “white bread”)
• قورو اكمك (kuru ekmek, “bread with no condiments”)
• قوزغون اكمكی (kuzgun ekmeği, “kind of fern”)
• قوش اكمكی (kuş ekmeği, “mallow”)
• پنیر اكمك (penir ekmek, “frugality”)
• چاودار اكمكی (çavdar ekmeği, “rye bread”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ekmek

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 96
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ekmek2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1395
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اكمك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 58a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 130
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Panis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1237
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اكمك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 360
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ekmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اكمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 176

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ek- (“to sow”); cognate with Azerbaijani əkmək and Chuvash ак (ak).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛcˈmɛc/

Verb

اكمك • (ekmek) (third-person singular aorist اكر (eker))

1. (transitive) to sow, plant, to sprinkle, scatter, or disperse seeds on the ground so that plants will grow

   Synonyms: اكین اكمك (ekin ekmek), تخم اكمك (tohum ekmek)

Derived terms

• اكدرمك (ekdirmek, “to make or let be sown”)
• اكمه (ekme, “sowing, the act of planting seeds”)

Related terms

• اكدی (ekdi, “tame, docile”)
• اكین (ekin, “crop”)

Descendants

• Turkish: ekmek

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 96
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “ekmek1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1395
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اكمك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[6], Vienna: F. Beck, page 58a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7], Constantinople: Mihran, page 130
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Serere”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[8], Vienna, column 1544
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اكمك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, column 360
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ek-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اكمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 176

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eg- (“to bend”); cognate with Azerbaijani əymək, Bashkir эйеү (eyew), Chuvash ав (av), Kazakh ию (iü), Kyrgyz ийүү (iyüü), Southern Altai ийер (iyer), Turkmen egmek, Uzbek egmoq and Yakut иэх (ieq).

Verb

اكمك • (eğmek) (third-person singular aorist اكر (eğer))

1. (transitive) to bend, crook, curve, inflect, curl, to cause something to change its shape into a curve

   Synonyms: بوكمك (bükmek), قیورمق (kıvırmak)

2. (transitive) to incline, tilt, lean, slant, tip, to bend or move something out of a given plane or direction

   Synonym: میل ایتمك (meyl etmek)

3. (transitive) to bow, bow down, to bend the upper body as a social gesture of respect or deference

Derived terms

• آغیز اكمك (ağız eğmek, “to implore, beseech”)
• اكدرمك (eğdirmek, “to make or let be bent”)
• اكرلمك (eğrilmek, “to become bent”)
• باش اكمك (baş eğmek, “to bow the head”)
• بل اكمك (bel eğmek, “to surrender”)
• بویون اكمك (boyun eğmek, “to let oneself be subjugated”)
• یوز اكمك (yüz eğmek, “to be annoyed”)

Related terms

• اكری (eğri, “crooked, bent”)
• اكسه (eñse, “nape; occiput”)
• اكن (eğin, “upper part of the back”)
• اكیج (eğic, “honey-gatherer's hook”)

Descendants

• Turkish: eğmek

Further reading

click to expand

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 95
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “eğmek1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1381
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “اكمك”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[11], Vienna: F. Beck, page 58a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اكمك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[12], Constantinople: Mihran, page 130
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Flectere”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[13], Vienna, column 589
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “اكمك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[14], Vienna, column 360
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “eğ-”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اكمك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[15], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 176