Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ge

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-ga	*-ge

Etymology 1

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan (“deverbal noun suffix”), Proto-Tungusic *-kan (“deverbal noun suffix”).

Suffix

*-ge

1. Forms deverbal nouns.

   ‎*bil- (“to know”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*bilge (“wise, sage”)

   ‎*kïs- (“to squeeze”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*kïsga (“short”)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan and *-xan (“denominal noun suffix”) and Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-ge

1. Forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants.

   ‎*čekürt (“the sound of a grasshopper”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*čekürtge (“grasshopper, locust”)

   ‎*kar (“caw”) + ‎*-ge → ‎*karga (“crow”)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ge

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gA”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages xliii and xlvii