Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vyknǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From an earlier *ūknǫtī, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *auk-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-néw-ti, from *h₁ewk- (“to accustom”); cognate with Lithuanian jùnkti (“to get used to”), and see *učiti (“to teach”) for more cognates.

Verb

*vyknǫti pf (imperfective *učiti)

1. to acclimate, to habituate

Inflection

Conjugation of *vyknǫti, *vyče, *vyknetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vyčenьje	*vyknǫti	*vyknǫtъ	*vyklъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*vykъ	*vykny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vyk(ox)ъ	*vyče	*vyče	*vyknǫ	*vykneši	*vyknetь
Dual	*vyk(ox)ově	*vyk(e/os)ta	*vyk(e/os)te	*vyknevě	*vykneta	*vyknete
Plural	*vyk(ox)omъ	*vyk(e/os)te	*vykǫ, *vykošę	*vyknemъ	*vyknete	*vyknǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vykněaxъ	*vykněaše	*vykněaše	—	*vykni	*vykni
Dual	*vykněaxově	*vykněašeta	*vykněašete	*vykněvě	*vykněta	—
Plural	*vykněaxomъ	*vykněašete	*vykněaxǫ	*vykněmъ	*vykněte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *vykeste ⇒ *vyčeste, ...

Related terms

• *navykъ (“habit”)
• *privyčьka (“tic, unconscious habit”)
• *obyčь (“fondness”)
• *obyčajь (“custom”)
• *sъvyčajь (“regular action, praxis”)
• *obyknovenъ (“usual, standard”)
• *vyčьnъ (“accustomed to”)

Derived terms

• *sъvyknǫti (“to get used to”)
• *privyknǫti (“to get accustomed with”)
• *navyknǫti (“to acquire a habit”)
• *obyknǫti (“to get fond of, to get accustomed”)
• *otъvyknǫti (“to break a habit”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: -вы́кнуть (-výknutʹ)
  • ⇒ Ukrainian: приви́кнути (pryvýknuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti)
  • Bulgarian: -викна (-vikna)
    • Bulgarian: навикна (navikna), привикна (privikna), свикна (svikna), отвикна (otvikna)
  • ⇒ Macedonian: свикне (svikne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    ⇒ Cyrillic script: на̀викнути, прѝвикнути

    ⇒ Latin script: nàviknuti, prìviknuti

• West Slavic:
  • ⇒ Czech: navykat
  • Polabian: voiknĕt
  • Old Polish: wyknąć
    • Polish: wyknąć (obsolete)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: wuknuś
    • Upper Sorbian: wuknyć

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вы́кнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “навиквам¹, навикна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 459

Etymology 2

Perfective counter-part to *vykati (“to shout”) +‎ *-nǫti

Verb

*vyknǫti pf (imperfective *vykati)

1. to shout out (South Slavic)

Inflection

Conjugation of *vyknǫti, *vyče, *vyknetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vyčenьje	*vyknǫti	*vyknǫtъ	*vyklъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*vykъ	*vykny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vyk(ox)ъ	*vyče	*vyče	*vyknǫ	*vykneši	*vyknetь
Dual	*vyk(ox)ově	*vyk(e/os)ta	*vyk(e/os)te	*vyknevě	*vykneta	*vyknete
Plural	*vyk(ox)omъ	*vyk(e/os)te	*vykǫ, *vykošę	*vyknemъ	*vyknete	*vyknǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vykněaxъ	*vykněaše	*vykněaše	—	*vykni	*vykni
Dual	*vykněaxově	*vykněašeta	*vykněašete	*vykněvě	*vykněta	—
Plural	*vykněaxomъ	*vykněašete	*vykněaxǫ	*vykněmъ	*vykněte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *vykeste ⇒ *vyčeste, ...

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: викна (vikna), dial. викнувам (viknuvam)
  • Macedonian: викне (vikne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ви́кнути

    Latin script: víknuti

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вик”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 146