Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skvara

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *skverti (“to blemish, to thaw”) or via s-mobile to Proto-Slavic *kvara (“taint, deformity”), *kuriti (“to smoke”), *kura (“duststorm, blizzard”) (in East Slavic). Vasmer does not exclude onomatopoeic origin (cf. Proto-Slavic *(s)kvьrъ (“creak”)).

Noun

*skvara f

1. conflagration, scorch
2. (by extension) fume, haze (from pyre, bonfire)

   Synonym: *čadъ

Alternative forms

• *skvarъ m

Inflection

Declension of *skvara (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skvara	*skvarě	*skvary
genitive	*skvary	*skvaru	*skvarъ
dative	*skvarě	*skvarama	*skvaramъ
accusative	*skvarǫ	*skvarě	*skvary
instrumental	*skvarojǫ, *skvarǫ**	*skvarama	*skvarami
locative	*skvarě	*skvaru	*skvarasъ, *skvaraxъ*
vocative	*skvaro	*skvarě	*skvary

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *skvariti (“to scorch, to sear”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сквара (skvara)
    • Belarusian: сква́ра (skvára)
    • Russian: сква́ра (skvára), шква́ра (škvára)
    • Ukrainian: сквар (skvar), шква́ра (škvára), шква́рка (škvárka)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: сквара (skvara)
  • >? Bulgarian: чква́ра (čkvára, “calamity”) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian: цква̏ра
  • Slovene: skvárа (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: škvár, škvárа, škvarek
  • Polish: skwar
  • Slovak: škvarka
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: šwjerč
    • Lower Sorbian: šwark

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сква́ра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сквар”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 268
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “cvrẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si