Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orǫdьje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *orǫdъ/*obrǫdъ, *orǫdь/*obrǫdь, *orǫdа/*obrǫda +‎ *-ьje (“collective”) (cf. Slovene orọ̑d m or f (“tool”)), from **oręsti/**vъręsti/**obręsti (**orędati/**vъrędati/**obrędati), from *on-/*vъn-/*ob- + **ręsti (**rędati):

*ob- (reconstructed by ESSJa): is improbable, because *obr- > *or- is not regular. It is only supported by few Belarusian and Russian words, which may be secondary/unrelated:
- Belarusian абру́д (abrúd, “bottom of wooden tableware”), Belarusian абру́ды (abrúdy, “bottom of bucket”, plural).
- Russian обру́да (obrúda, “bridle”). Compare Russian оброть/обруть/обрудь (obrotʹ/obrutʹ/obrudʹ, “bridle”) (< *obrъtь)^[1].
- Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)
*on-: n was early dropped by dissimilation *anrand- > *arand-,^[2]^[3] but examples/counterexamples are not given, except for Proto-Slavic *sumьněti < *sǫmьněti. See also *ogňь, *voda.
Only attested verbs are Proto-Slavic *ręditi, *rędimъ (-i- type) and Slovene narèsti, naredím (-C/i- type). If latter is inherited, it would be unique in its C/i type, however: 1) there is another limited -a/i- type, 2) some -C- type verbs (ending in 'd': *ěsti, *bosti, *krasti, *klasti, *pasti, ..?) can dervive words by using *-idlo, *-ivъ, *-ьba, *-ežь suffixes which are regular for -i- type verbs.

Some authors derive it from ^{(please verify)} Old High German āranti, ^{(please verify)} aronti, ārunti, ^{(please verify)} arunti, ^{(please verify)} arundi, ^{(please verify)} ārundi n (“message, affair”)^[4] (< Proto-West Germanic *ārundī n, somehow from Proto-Germanic *airundiją n, from *airuz (“messenger”) with some suffix) without explanation why OHG *ā gave PS *o (compare Proto-Slavic *lagy).

Related to Slovincian n̕åřądło n (“?tool”),^[5] Proto-Slavic *narędьje,^[6] *narędъ,^[7] *narędьba^[8] (< *naręditi).

Noun

*orǫdьjȅ n^[9]

gear

Declension

Declension of *orǫdьje (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orǫdьje	*orǫdьji	*orǫdьja
genitive	*orǫdьja	*orǫdьju	*orǫdьjь
dative	*orǫdьju	*orǫdьjema	*orǫdьjemъ
accusative	*orǫdьje	*orǫdьji	*orǫdьja
instrumental	orǫdьjьmь, orǫdьjemь^*	*orǫdьjema	*orǫdьji
locative	*orǫdьji	*orǫdьju	*orǫdьjixъ
vocative	*orǫdьje	*orǫdьji	*orǫdьja

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Related terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: орѫдие (orǫdije)
  - Russian: ору́дье (orúdʹje)
- Old Novgorodian: орѫдьѥ (orǫdĭje, “case, lawsuit”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: орѫдиѥ (orǫdije)
  - → Russian: ору́дие (orúdije)
- Bulgarian: оръ́дие (orǎ́die)
- Macedonian: орудие (orudie)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: о̀рӯђе
  
  Latin script: òrūđe
- Slovene: orọ̑dje (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: orudie,
  - Czech: orudí
- Old Polish: orędzie
  - Polish: orędzie, orędź
- Slovincian: u̯orąʒė

Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: orendi

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrъtь/*obrъta/*obrъtъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 131
^ Aleksandar Loma (2020) “Оружие, орудие, серб. урутка и смешение приставок”, in Зборник Матице српске за филологију и лингвистику [Matica Serbica, Classis Litterarum, Archivum Philologicum et Linguisticum], volume 63, number 1, Novi Sad: ?, page 11
^ Aleksandar Loma (2019) “Оружие, орудие и смешение приставок”, in Этнолингвистика. Ономастика. Этимология. Материалы IV Международной научной конференции., Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, page 208
^ Stefan Michael Newerkla (2011) “orudie”, in Schriften über Sprachen und Texte. Sprachkontakte Deutsch – Tschechisch – Slowakisch. Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: historische Entwicklung, Beleglage, bischerige und neue Deutungen., 2nd edition, volume 7, Bern: Peter Lang, page 133
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędlo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 246
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędьba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “orodje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *orǫ́dьjȅ (ali *orǫdьjȅ)”

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orǫdьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrǫdьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 120
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “орудие”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 605
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “орудие”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оръдие”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 930
И. П. Петлева (1982) “Этимологические заметки по славянской лексике. XI*. Континуанты *rǫd- (к *ręd-).”, in Этимология 1980, Moscow, page 36

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrъtь/*obrъta/*obrъtъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 131

[2] Aleksandar Loma (2020) “Оружие, орудие, серб. урутка и смешение приставок”, in Зборник Матице српске за филологију и лингвистику [Matica Serbica, Classis Litterarum, Archivum Philologicum et Linguisticum], volume 63, number 1, Novi Sad: ?, page 11

[3] Aleksandar Loma (2019) “Оружие, орудие и смешение приставок”, in Этнолингвистика. Ономастика. Этимология. Материалы IV Международной научной конференции., Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, page 208

[4] Stefan Michael Newerkla (2011) “orudie”, in Schriften über Sprachen und Texte. Sprachkontakte Deutsch – Tschechisch – Slowakisch. Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: historische Entwicklung, Beleglage, bischerige und neue Deutungen., 2nd edition, volume 7, Bern: Peter Lang, page 133

[5] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędlo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245

[6] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 246

[7] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245

[8] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*narędьba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 245

[9] Snoj, Marko (2016) “orodje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *orǫ́dьjȅ (ali *orǫdьjȅ)”

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