Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kysnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kysěti +‎ *-nǫti.

Verb

*kỳsnǫti impf

1. to become/get wet (South and East Slavic)

   Synonyms: *moknǫti, *mokrěti

2. to become/turn sour

   Synonyms: *kysěti, *kysati

Inflection

Conjugation of *kysnǫti, *kyse, *kysnetь (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kysenьje	*kysnǫti	*kysnǫtъ	*kyslъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*kysъ	*kysny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kys(ox)ъ	*kyse	*kyse	*kysnǫ	*kysneši	*kysnetь
Dual	*kys(ox)ově	*kys(e/os)ta	*kys(e/os)te	*kysnevě	*kysneta	*kysnete
Plural	*kys(ox)omъ	*kys(e/os)te	*kysǫ, *kysošę	*kysnemъ	*kysnete	*kysnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kysněaxъ	*kysněaše	*kysněaše	—	*kysni	*kysni
Dual	*kysněaxově	*kysněašeta	*kysněašete	*kysněvě	*kysněta	—
Plural	*kysněaxomъ	*kysněašete	*kysněaxǫ	*kysněmъ	*kysněte	—

See also

• *kypěti (“to boil, to seethe”), *kynǫti
• *kvapъ, *kvapiti
• *kopъtь (“soot; steam, fume, smoke”)
• *koprъ (“dill”)

Related terms

• *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”), *kvasiti (“to sot, to forment”)
• *kъsenь (“caviar, spawn”)
• *kъsьnъ (“late, slow”) (possibly)

Derived terms

• *kysati (“to become/turn sour”) (possibly)
• *kyslъ (“sour”) (possibly)
  • *kyslica/*kyslika
  • *kyslina
  • *kysljadь
  • *kyslota

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: кꙑснѫти (kysnǫti) (?), кꙑснути (kysnuti), киснути (kisnuti) (Russian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кꙑснути (kysnuti), киснути (kisnuti)
    • Belarusian: кі́снуць (kísnucʹ)
    • Russian: ки́снуть (kísnutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ки́снути (kýsnuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: *кꙑснѫти (*kysnǫti)
  • Bulgarian: ки́сна (kísna)
  • Macedonian: кисне (kisne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ки̏снути

    Latin script: kȉsnuti

  • Slovene: kísniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kysnout
    • Czech: kysnouti
  • Old Polish: kisnąć
    • Polish: kisnąć
  • Slovak: kysnúť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kisnyć
    • Lower Sorbian: kisnuś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “киснуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kysnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 273
• Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “въкꙑснѫти”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 144
• Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “въскꙑснѫти”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 152
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “кꙑсьнути, кꙑсну”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1419