Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kypěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kup-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, to boil, to move”) (reconstructed as *kweh₁p- in Rix (LIV), but per Derksen the laryngeal is unnecessary). Cognate with Lithuanian kūpė́ti (“to boil over”), 1sg. kūpù, 3sg. kū̃pa, Latvian kupêt, kupôt (“to seethe”). Probably also cognate with Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “to be angry, to boil with emotion”) and Latin cupiō (“to desire”). Vasmer and Chernykh also link Latvian kûpêt (“to smoke, to steam”) but per Derksen this belongs to a different Indo-European root *k(ʷ)h₂up-.

Verb

*kypě̀ti impf

1. to boil, to seethe

Inflection

Conjugation of *kypěti, *kypě, *kypitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kypěnьje	*kypěti	*kypětъ	*kypělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*kypěvъ	*kypę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kypěxъ	*kypě	*kypě	*kypľǫ	*kypiši	*kypitь
Dual	*kypěxově	*kypěsta	*kypěste	*kypivě	*kypita	*kypite
Plural	*kypěxomъ	*kypěste	*kypěšę	*kypimъ	*kypite	*kypętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kypěaxъ	*kypěaše	*kypěaše	—	*kypi	*kypi
Dual	*kypěaxově	*kypěašeta	*kypěašete	*kypivě	*kypita	—
Plural	*kypěaxomъ	*kypěašete	*kypěaxǫ	*kypimъ	*kypite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кꙑпѣти (kypěti)
    • Belarusian: кіпе́ць (kipjécʹ)
    • Russian: кипе́ть (kipétʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: кыпі́ти (kŷpíty)
    • Ukrainian: кипі́ти (kypíty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: кꙑпѣти (kypěti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: кипя́ (kipjá)
  • Macedonian: кипи (kipi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ки́пјети

    Latin script: kípjeti

  • Slovene: kipẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: czipiec
  • Old Czech: kypěti
    • Czech: kypět
  • Polabian: ťaipĕ (3sg.)
  • Old Polish: kipieć
    • Polish: kipieć
  • Slovak: kypieť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kipjeć
    • Lower Sorbian: kipjeś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кипе́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “кипе́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 396
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*kypěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 265