Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dvigati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Vasmer marks the word as unclear. According to one theory, from *d(ъ)vigъ (“branching, buttress serving as lever”), from *d(ъ)va (“2”) +‎ *-igъ. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Compare German Zweig (“branch < branching”), from Zwei (“2”).

The loss of -v- in South Slavic is secondary. For a similar phenomenon, compare Serbo-Croatian storiti (“to do, to commit”), Bulgarian сторя (storja, “to do”) < *sъtvoriti.

Verb

*dvigati impf (perfective *dvignǫti)

1. to raise, lift, move up

Conjugation

Conjugation of *dvigati, *dviga, *dvižetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dviganьje	*dvigati	*dvigatъ	*dvigalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dviganъ	*dvižemъ
Active	*dvigavъ	*dvižę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvigaxъ	*dviga	*dviga	*dvižǫ	*dvižeši	*dvižetь
Dual	*dvigaxově	*dvigasta	*dvigaste	*dviževě	*dvižeta	*dvižete
Plural	*dvigaxomъ	*dvigaste	*dvigašę	*dvižemъ	*dvižete	*dvižǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvigaaxъ	*dvigaaše	*dvigaaše	—	*dviži	*dviži
Dual	*dvigaaxově	*dvigaašeta	*dvigaašete	*dviživě	*dvižita	—
Plural	*dvigaaxomъ	*dvigaašete	*dvigaaxǫ	*dvižimъ	*dvižite	—

Conjugation of *dvigati, *dviga, *dvigajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dviganьje	*dvigati	*dvigatъ	*dvigalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dviganъ	*dvigajemъ
Active	*dvigavъ	*dvigaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvigaxъ	*dviga	*dviga	*dvigajǫ	*dvigaješi	*dvigajetь
Dual	*dvigaxově	*dvigasta	*dvigaste	*dvigajevě	*dvigajeta	*dvigajete
Plural	*dvigaxomъ	*dvigaste	*dvigašę	*dvigajemъ	*dvigajete	*dvigajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvigaaxъ	*dvigaaše	*dvigaaše	—	*dvigaji	*dvigaji
Dual	*dvigaaxově	*dvigaašeta	*dvigaašete	*dvigajivě	*dvigajita	—
Plural	*dvigaaxomъ	*dvigaašete	*dvigaaxǫ	*dvigajimъ	*dvigajite	—

Alternative forms

• *dviťi

See also

• *ruxъ (“movement”)

Derived terms

• *dvignǫti

Descendants

*dvigati:

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: дви́гать (dvígatʹ)
  • Ukrainian: дви́гати (dvýhaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: двиѕати (dvidzati)

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⰲⰹⰷⰰⱅⰻ (dvidzati)

  • Bulgarian: дигам (digam), дви́жа (dvíža)
  • Macedonian: дига (diga), движи (dviži)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ди̏зати

    Latin script: dȉzati

  • Slovene: dvígati
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: dvíhat
  • Kashubian: dwigac
  • Polish: dźwigać
  • Slovak: dvíhať
  • Slovincian: dwjigac
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: zwigaś

*dviťi:

• Church Slavonic: *двищи (*dvišti), двигомꙑ (dvigomy) (Russian) (1389)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “двигать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dvig(a)ti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 168