Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dvignǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *dvigati +‎ *-nǫti.

Verb

*dvignǫti pf (imperfective *dvigati)

1. to lift, raise

   Synonym: *kręnǫti

Inflection

Conjugation of *dvignǫti, *dviže, *dvignetь (perf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dviženьje	*dvignǫti	*dvignǫtъ	*dviglъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dviženъ	—
Active	*dvigъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvig(ox)ъ	*dviže	*dviže	*dvignǫ	*dvigneši	*dvignetь
Dual	*dvig(ox)ově	*dvig(e/os)ta	*dvig(e/os)te	*dvignevě	*dvigneta	*dvignete
Plural	*dvig(ox)omъ	*dvig(e/os)te	*dvigǫ, *dvigošę	*dvignemъ	*dvignete	*dvignǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*dvigni	*dvigni
Dual	—	—	—	*dvigněvě	*dvigněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*dvigněmъ	*dvigněte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *dvigeste ⇒ *dvižeste, ...
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Conjugation of *dvignǫti, *dvignǫ, *dvignetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dvignovenьje	*dvignǫti	*dvignǫtъ	*dvignǫlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dvignovenъ	—
Active	*dvignǫvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dvignǫxъ	*dvignǫ	*dvignǫ	*dvignǫ	*dvigneši	*dvignetь
Dual	*dvignǫxově	*dvignǫsta	*dvignǫste	*dvignevě	*dvigneta	*dvignete
Plural	*dvignǫxomъ	*dvignǫste	*dvignǫšę	*dvignemъ	*dvignete	*dvignǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*dvigni	*dvigni
Dual	—	—	—	*dvigněvě	*dvigněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*dvigněmъ	*dvigněte	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Derived terms

• *orzdvignǫti
• *podvignǫti
• *vъzdvignǫti

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: двигнути (dvignuti), двинути (dvinuti) (Russian)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)
    • Old Ruthenian: дви́гнути (dvíhnuti)
      • Ukrainian: дви́нути (dvýnuty), дви́гнути (dvýhnuty)
    • Russian: дви́нуть (dvínutʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)
  • Bulgarian: ди́гна (dígna)
  • Macedonian: дигне (digne)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ди̏гнути

    Latin script: dȉgnuti

  • Slovene: dvígniti
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: dvihnouti
  • Polabian: dvaignǫt
  • Old Polish: dźwignąć
    • Polish: dźwignąć
  • Slovak: dvihnúť
  • Slovincian: dwjygnõc

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “двигать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dvignǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 168