Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dražiti

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

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Etymology

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Uncertain. Commonly explained as descending from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to stir up”)[1], from which also descend Sanskrit द्राघते (drāghate, “to torment”) and English dreccan (“to torture”) (from Proto-Germanic *drakjaną). Derksen, however, doubts this derivation[2] because of the conflicting intonation within Russian.

An alternative reconstruction is from Proto-Slavic *dra- (“to skin, to tear”) + *-ž- + *-iti[3], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”) (cf Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch”) and Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to pluck”)).

Verb

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*dražiti impf[2][1][3]

  1. to provoke, annoy
  2. to irritate

Inflection

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Conjugation of *dražiti, *dráži, *drážitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dráženьje *dražiti *dražitъ *drážilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dráženъ *drážimъ
Active *drážь *drážę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *drážixъ *dráži *dráži *drážǫ *drážiši *drážitь
Dual *drážixově *drážista *drážiste *dráživě *drážita *drážite
Plural *drážixomъ *drážiste *drážišę *drážimъ *drážite *drážętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *drážaaxъ *drážaaše *drážaaše — *dráži *dráži
Dual *drážaaxově *drážaašeta *drážaašete *dráživě *drážita —
Plural *drážaaxomъ *drážaašete *drážaaxǫ *drážimъ *drážite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*dráživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of *dražiti, *draži, *dražitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*draženьje *dražiti *dražitъ *dražilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *draženъ *dražimъ
Active *dražь *dražę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dražixъ *draži *draži *dražǫ *dražiši *dražitь
Dual *dražixově *dražista *dražiste *draživě *dražita *dražite
Plural *dražixomъ *dražiste *dražišę *dražimъ *dražite *dražętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dražaaxъ *dražaaše *dražaaše — *draži *draži
Dual *dražaaxově *dražaašeta *dražaašete *draživě *dražita —
Plural *dražaaxomъ *dražaašete *dražaaxǫ *dražimъ *dražite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*draživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-дражи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drāžiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dražiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 104
  4. ^ Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дразня”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 419
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